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    Glossary Antigen

    substance triggering immune response by being recognized as foreign

    An antigen is a substance that the immune system recognizes as foreign or harmful, prompting an immune response. This can include parts of pathogens like bacteria or viruses, or even non-infectious substances like pollen. In the context of autoimmune diseases, the body mistakenly identifies its own cells as antigens, leading to conditions such as alopecia areata, where the immune system attacks hair follicles.

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    1. Nanoparticle-Based Targeting of Vaccine Compounds to Skin Antigen-Presenting Cells By Hair Follicles and their Transport in Mice 2008 · 119 citations
    2. Anti-ageing effect of a lactococcal strain: analysis using senescence-accelerated mice British Journal Of Nutrition · 2007 · 87 citations
    3. A Chronic Contact Eczema Impedes Migration of Antigen-Presenting Cells in Alopecia Areata Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2006 · 24 citations
    4. Antigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells and Low Dose of IL-2 in Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Frontiers in immunology · 2016 · 23 citations
    5. Antigen presenting cells in the skin of a patient with hair loss and systemic lupus erythematosus. PubMed · 2009 · 9 citations
    6. T-cell “induced-self” MHC class I/peptide complexes may enable “de novo” tolerance induction to neo-antigens occurring outside of the thymus Experimental dermatology · 2016 · 8 citations
    7. Method for chronological recording of antigen appearance in human head-hair shafts and its use for monitoring glycation products in diabetes Journal of immunological methods · 2006 · 7 citations
    8. The Cutaneous Side Effects of Selective BRAF Inhibitors and Anti-CTLA4 Agents: the Growing Role of the Dermatologist in the Management of Patients with Metastatic Melanoma Current Dermatology Reports · 2013 · 6 citations
    9. 085 Autoantigen screening in C3H/HeJ mouse model of alopecia areata revealed high antigenicity of melanocyte-associated antigen epitopes 2019 · 1 citations
    10. Prior antigen experience influences the development of alopecia areata in C3H/HeJ mice 2258436 The Journal of Immunology · 2026
    11. “Why we should treat COVID-19 Long Hauler Syndromes with Convalescent Plasma; Contained Suppressive Exosomes are likely COVID antigen-specific” 2021
    12. Skin Commensal Antigens: Taking the Road Less Traveled Trends in Immunology · 2018
    13. Targeting of Skin Antigen-Presenting Cells Journal of Animal Science · 2010
    14. Inhibition of the Androgen Receptor by Antisense Oligonucleotides Regulates the Biological Activity of Androgens in SZ95 Sebocytes Hormone and metabolic research · 2007 · 29 citations
    15. Identification and characterization of an antisense RNA transcript (gfg) from the human basic fibroblast growth factor gene. Molecular Endocrinology · 1994 · 24 citations
    16. Development and evaluation of antisense shRNA-encoding plasmid loaded solid lipid nanoparticles against 5-α reductase activity Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology · 2018 · 12 citations
    17. Antisense oligonucleotide targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-1 stimulates cellular activity of hair follicles in an<i>in vitro</i>organ culture system International Journal of Dermatology · 2007 · 7 citations
    18. Control of androgen receptor expression in human keratinocytes and in a reconstituted human epidermis model with selective antisense oligonucleotides Experimental Dermatology · 2005 · 1 citations
    19. Modulating immune responses in alopecia: therapeutic insights and potential targets of antisense oligonucleotides BMC Immunology · 2025
    20. Direct cellular reprogramming enables development of viral T antigen–driven Merkel cell carcinoma in mice 2022 · 14 citations
    21. Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigen-4 (SSEA-4) as a Distinguishing Marker between Eccrine and Apocrine Origin of Ducts of Sweat Glands Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2017 · 3 citations
    22. Folliculotropic Mycosis Fungoides with Skewed T-cell Receptor CDR3 Motif: Suggestive of Lipid-antigen Selection? Acta Dermato Venereologica · 2017 · 3 citations
    23. Candida antigen immunotherapy versus steroid in the treatment of alopecia areata Dermatologic Therapy · 2021 · 1 citations
    24. Application and Challenges of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy in Systemic Rheumatic Diseases and Autoimmune Disorders MedComm · 2026
    25. 1113 Targeting anti-inflammatory immunonanocarriers to human and murine neutrophils via Ly6 antigen for psoriasiform dermatitis alleviation Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2023
    26. Design, Synthesis, and Preclinical Evaluation of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Targeted <sup>99m</sup>Tc-Radioimaging Agents Molecular Pharmaceutics · 2009 · 148 citations
    27. Characterization of Hair Follicle Antigens Targeted by the Anti-Hair Follicle Immune Response Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings · 2003 · 148 citations
    28. Effect of 1 mg/day finasteride on concentrations of serum prostate-specific antigen in men with androgenic alopecia: a randomised controlled trial Lancet Oncology · 2006 · 89 citations
    29. The Effect of 5α-Reductase Inhibition With Dutasteride and Finasteride on Bone Mineral Density, Serum Lipoproteins, Hemoglobin, Prostate Specific Antigen and Sexual Function in Healthy Young Men 2008 · 72 citations
    30. Distribution of major histocompatibility antigens in normal skin British Journal of Dermatology · 1983 · 68 citations