Antigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells and Low Dose of IL-2 in Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

The document reviewed the potential of low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy to treat Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) by expanding regulatory T cells (Tregs) to restore immune tolerance and prevent autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Studies, including a phase 1/2 trial with 24 patients, showed that low-dose IL-2 was well-tolerated and increased Tregs without significantly affecting other immune cells. The therapy also showed promise in treating other autoimmune diseases like alopecia areata and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). However, further research with larger sample sizes and reliable biomarkers is needed to confirm long-term efficacy and optimize dosing strategies.