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This study found that applying scalp sebum from young men to rabbit ear canals caused follicular hyperkeratosis, suggesting sebum stimulates the formation of comedones, a key feature in acne vulgaris.

Azelaic acid may help treat acne by killing bacteria, reducing inflammation, and preventing clogged pores.

This review explores the role of FGFR2b-signaling in the pathogenesis of acne, highlighting its influence on sebaceous gland physiology and the effects of anti-acne agents like isotretinoin.

This article discusses the importance of oral and maxillofacial surgeons understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of acne vulgaris, but it presents no new research findings.

New ways to treat acne are being discovered.

This review discusses recent advances in understanding acne pathobiology, highlighting the potential for developing new customized therapies, but it reports no new clinical findings.

This study highlights the evolving understanding of acne's pathophysiology and suggests that targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-17, IL-23, and TNFα with biological antibodies may offer new treatment strategies for severe acne and its scars.

This review discusses findings from genetic studies on acne, highlighting progress in understanding its molecular pathogenesis without reporting new clinical results.

Acne is significantly influenced by genetics, and understanding its genetic basis could lead to better, targeted treatments.

This review discusses the mechanisms of skin barrier impairment in acne vulgaris and suggests strategies for its repair but reports no new clinical results.

This study found that IGF-I and survivin may play a role in the pathogenesis of active acne vulgaris and postinflammatory acne scars, with a significant correlation between their serum levels.

This article reviews the role of IGF-1 in acne pathogenesis and discusses how diet and smoking may influence insulin/IGF-1 signaling, but reports no new clinical results.

This article discusses the association of acne with various systemic diseases, emphasizing the role of androgen steroids, insulin resistance, and inflammation in acne pathogenesis, but it reports no new clinical results.

This study found that women with acne resistant to conventional treatments had significantly higher levels of testosterone, DHEA‑S, prolactin, and LH, suggesting potential underlying hormonal disorders.

In this study, researchers identified similar presence of various nicotinic and muscarinic AChRs in lesional and normal epidermis, suggesting that tobacco-delivered nicotine may exacerbate acne inversa by interacting with endogenously produced acetylcholine.

This review discusses various hormones and signaling pathways involved in sebaceous gland homeostasis and their potential impact on acne pathogenesis, but it reports no new experimental findings.

This study examines how skin microbiota and the gut-skin axis affect acne development, aiming to reveal mechanisms that could inform future treatment strategies for acne and other inflammatory skin conditions.

This article discusses potential insights from alopecia areata into whether hair presence prevents acne but reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses the pathogenesis and diagnosis of alopecia and acne, emphasizing the need for coordinated treatment approaches in conditions like FPHL/AGA and complex acne, but reports no new clinical results.

This study found that serum irisin levels were significantly lower in patients with acne vulgaris compared to healthy controls and were negatively correlated with insulin resistance and disease severity.

This article reviews the pathophysiology and causes of androgen-mediated hair growth in hirsutism but does not report any clinical outcomes; treatment aspects are discussed separately.

This review reports that hyperandrogenic conditions in women, which affect skin and overall well-being, lack dedicated treatment guidelines, presenting challenges in standardizing care.

This study found that specific SNPs in the CYP19A1 gene were associated with Female Pattern Hair Loss in Egyptian women, with altered CYP19A1 gene expression and higher frequencies of related genotypes observed in patients compared to controls.

This review discusses the causes, symptoms, and management of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) without presenting new clinical results.

This study found no significant difference in 2D:4D ratios and autism questionnaire scores between acne vulgaris patients and healthy controls, despite investigating potential links in this novel context.

This article reviews the hormonal pathogenesis of acne vulgaris and androgenetic alopecia, emphasizing various hormonal factors beyond androgens, but reports no new clinical findings.

This review discusses newer therapeutic techniques for treating postacne scarring, highlighting their effectiveness for particular grades of scars, and reports no new clinical results.

This article reviews the anatomy and pathology of skin and hair to aid in diagnosing skin diseases and discusses potential therapies, without reporting new clinical results.

This review discusses the pathogenesis of hirsutism and related diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome in Korean women, but reports no new clinical results.

This article reviews the hormonal pathogenesis and treatment strategies for acne vulgaris, particularly in women with severe or treatment-resistant cases, associating it with hormonal imbalances and hyperandrogenism.