New Developments in Our Understanding of Acne Pathogenesis and Treatment

The document discussed significant advancements in understanding acne pathogenesis and treatment, emphasizing the role of sebaceous glands, neuropeptides, hormones, and immune responses. Key findings included the influence of neuropeptides like substance P and CRH on sebocyte activity, the sebaceous gland's role in innate immunity, and the impact of androgens on sebocyte proliferation and lipogenesis. It also highlighted the importance of cytokine regulation in sebocytes, the role of Toll-like receptors in acne inflammation, and the potential of targeting these factors for future treatments. Effective management strategies included addressing hormonal and dietary factors, with recommendations to avoid dairy and high glycemic foods, and considering supplements like vitamin A and ω-3 fatty acids. Future treatments might involve pharmacological regulation of TLR and CD14 expression, new formulations of benzoyl peroxide, stabilized hydrogen peroxide cream, dapsone gel, plant extracts, antiandrogens, insulin-sensitizing agents, and dietary interventions. The document concluded that acne pathogenesis involves complex interactions of androgens, PPAR ligands, and inflammatory mediators, suggesting future treatments may focus on normalizing keratinization, inhibiting inflammatory pathways, and leveraging nanotechnology for targeted delivery.