The Aetiopathogenesis of Acne Vulgaris: What's New?

The 2014 review article examines the complex causes of acne vulgaris, a condition affecting a majority of young people. It emphasizes the multifactorial nature of acne, involving sebum production, follicular keratinization, bacterial colonization, particularly by P. acnes, and inflammatory responses. The article notes that while sebum production is linked to acne, it is not the sole cause, as other conditions with high sebum do not result in acne. Advances in understanding the role of P. acnes at the strain level and its virulent properties could lead to targeted acne treatments. The review also discusses the immune response to P. acnes, the role of TLR2, oxidative stress, hormonal influences, and genetic factors in acne development. A study involving 32 acne patients and 34 controls indicated higher oxidative stress in those with acne. The document suggests environmental factors, diet, and smoking also contribute to acne, and highlights the importance of inflammatory processes, suggesting acne be considered a chronic inflammatory dermatosis.