September 2016 in “Toxicology letters” The researchers reported that hydrogels made from methacrylated glycol chitosan and hyaluronic acid with chondroitin sulfate may be suitable for load bearing soft tissue repair, showing enhanced chondrocyte viability and metabolic activity.
1 citations
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January 2026 in “Science Advances” This study developed a 3D bioprinted skin model to mimic pemphigus vulgaris, providing a tool to study disease mechanisms and test targeted therapies by reproducing the architecture and pathogenic disruptions of native skin.
4 citations
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January 2021 in “Archives of dermatological research” This study developed a new human hair research model combining 3D spheroid dermal papilla fibroblasts with plucked anagen hair shafts, potentially improving the evaluation of hair follicle differentiation.
25 citations
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April 2021 in “The EMBO Journal” This review discusses the role of hair follicle stem cells as active signaling centers in skin homeostasis, highlighting recent advancements and reporting no new clinical results.
4 citations
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July 2023 in “Experimental Dermatology” This study found that incorporating human adipose subcutaneous tissue in 3D organotypic skin cultures mimicking hypertrophic scar conditions improved epidermal homeostasis, formed a basement membrane similar to native skin, and reduced myofibroblast presence, indicating an anti-fibrotic effect.
5 citations
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October 2020 in “Bioengineering & translational medicine” This study demonstrates the use of microscopy-guided laser ablation to create a highly structured 3D hydrogel-based organotypic skin model with folliculoid structures, potentially useful for studying hair follicle development or bioactive substance screening.
2 citations
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June 2023 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” In this study, post-treatment with DCO was found to speed up epidermal wound healing after micro-needling of 3D skin models while maintaining the treatment's immunostimulatory benefits, potentially optimizing aftercare and reducing patient recovery time.
38 citations
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June 2018 in “Archives of Toxicology” This review suggests that skin may largely protect itself from CYP-generated reactive metabolites due to higher conjugating enzyme activities, while highlighting limitations in modeling human skin metabolism experimentally.
February 2026 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This paper reviews advancements in 3D human skin models using bioprinting, organoid, and organ-on-a-chip technologies, noting improvements in physiological realism through vascularization and multi-omics data, but also highlighting challenges such as cost and lack of standardization that hinder clinical adoption.
46 citations
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October 2023 in “Science Advances” In this study, researchers used 3D bioprinting to successfully create engineered skin tissues with hair follicle-like structures, potentially enhancing skin grafts and safety testing for chemical compounds by more closely mimicking natural skin complexity.
June 2023 in “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology” This review describes bioengineering strategies to mimic the natural cell microenvironment in vitro, emphasizing the novel approach of using cell-synthesized extracellular matrix as a scaffold for engineering functional 3D tissues, while highlighting the limitations of exogenous scaffolds in tissue engineering.
3 citations
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April 2023 in “Cytotechnology” 32 citations
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August 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” In vitro skin models are improving but still need more innovation to fully replicate human skin.
3 citations
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May 2017 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Certain cells around hair follicles help improve skin regeneration for potential use in skin grafts.
February 2026 in “Frontiers in Medical Technology” This review discusses current knowledge of keratinocyte stem cell dynamics, including their regenerative roles and potential applications beyond wound healing, but presents no new clinical findings.
55 citations
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March 2015 in “Carcinogenesis” This study found that WNT10A is significantly upregulated in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and is associated with enhanced tumor cell migration, invasion, and poor survival.
This study utilized a pigmented human epidermal equivalent model to incorporate melanocytes into the epidermis and found enhanced differentiation potential compared to conventional in vitro systems, reflecting in vivo cellular trajectories and highlighting melanocyte-to-keratinocyte communication pathways.
October 2023 in “Biomedical science and engineering” Innovative methods are reducing animal testing and improving biomedical research.
26 citations
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October 2020 in “Biomedicines” This review discusses the applications and potential of Bioengineered Artificial Skin Substitutes in cosmetics and pharmacology research, with no new clinical findings reported.
21 citations
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October 2009 in “Biochemical Engineering Journal” This review discusses various approaches to treating alopecia, including drug therapy and hair transplantation, but reports no new research findings; the authors highlight the need for novel techniques like cell culturing.
September 2023 in “Membranes” This source reviews the potential of 3D printing, biomaterials, and smart sensors in tissue engineering, noting their application in creating artificial membranes for skin and tissue regeneration and assessing their strengths and limitations for wound dressing development and disease modeling.
16 citations
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September 2018 in “Scientific reports” This study demonstrates that keratinocyte cell lines derived from cultured hair follicles can fully differentiate in organotypic skin models, offering a minimally invasive alternative to obtaining keratinocytes for research.
July 2026 in “Organoid Research” In this review, researchers summarize key factors in constructing skin organoids, including cell source and assembly methods, and emphasize advances such as air-liquid interface culture for improving tissue development, aiming to guide standardized protocols and future clinical applications.
83 citations
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January 2015 in “World Journal of Stem Cells” This review discusses current experimental approaches for regenerating human hair follicles using tissue engineering and isolated cells, but reports no successful strategies with adult cells yet found.
110 citations
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August 2011 in “Journal of Visualized Experiments” This research highlights the use of 3D human skin model reconstructs as a promising method to study human skin biology, showing that these models replicate natural melanocyte and melanoma behaviors accurately.
3 citations
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February 2021 in “Experimental dermatology” This study observed that using 3D dermal papilla microtissues enhances hair follicle regeneration and gene expression compared to 2D cultures, indicating their potential for hair growth drug screening.
44 citations
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June 2018 in “Journal of Cellular Physiology” This study found that using 3D dermal papilla spheroid models enhances extracellular matrix production and hair follicle marker expression, providing insights into hair follicle biology and potential for drug screening.
1 citations
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March 2021 in “Skin health and disease” This review evaluates laboratory models used in androgenetic alopecia research but reports no new findings, emphasizing the potential of human-derived 3-D models for future studies.
43 citations
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October 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This article reviews organotypic skin culture systems and their applications in dermatological research, highlighting their ability to model human epidermal conditions in vitro, but it reports no new clinical results.
January 2024 in “Wiadomości Lekarskie” In this study, researchers from the Swedish forensic medicine agency aimed to enhance routine practices by integrating affordable photogrammetry technology to improve 3D injury documentation, highlighting efforts to implement this in daily forensic work amid financial and staffing constraints.