In Vitro Strategies for Mimicking Dynamic Cell–ECM Reciprocity in 3D Culture Models

The document discusses the importance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in tissue engineering and disease modeling, emphasizing the need to replicate its complexity in lab settings for accurate human tissue models. The ECM plays a crucial role in organ functions, including hair follicle morphogenesis, and changes in its properties can lead to organ dysfunction. The paper explores various in vitro strategies to mimic the ECM, such as the use of natural and synthetic ECM mimetics, organ-derived ECMs, and bio-inks for 3D printing. The document also highlights the role of ECM-binding proteins and growth factors in in vitro cell cultures for tissue engineering applications. Two main approaches for creating 3D culture models are discussed: decellularized ECM-based and endogenous ECM-based. The document also discusses the use of microtissues in creating 3D culture models, with potential applications in hair regeneration. Lastly, the document discusses the use of endogenous-based ECMs in 3D culture models to better replicate the dynamics of the tumor microenvironment and other biological processes, leading to more accurate predictions of drug efficacy and toxicity.