Skin Organoids for Disease Modeling, Drug Screening, and Regenerative Medicine: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

This review article discusses the recent advancements and future perspectives of skin organoids, which are 3D multicellular systems used for disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine. The authors highlight the construction of skin organoids, focusing on the integration of epidermis, dermis, basement membrane units, and accessory organs like hair follicles and sweat glands. Key challenges include improving vascularization, neurogenesis, and immune integration. The review emphasizes the potential of skin organoids in modeling various conditions such as inflammation, genetic disorders, infections, and tumors, which aids in drug discovery and toxicology assessment. The authors propose a validation pathway that integrates engineering, biology, and regulatory considerations to enhance the transition from research prototypes to clinical applications, suggesting the use of multi-omics, chemoproteomics, and artificial intelligence for optimization.