53 citations
,
January 2014 in “Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery” Microneedling combined with triamcinolone can safely stimulate faster hair regrowth in people with Alopecia Areata.
136 citations
,
January 2013 in “International Journal of Trichology” This study found that adding microneedling to minoxidil treatment significantly improved hair growth in men with androgenetic alopecia compared to minoxidil alone across all assessed measures.
5 citations
,
September 2012 in “Springer eBooks” Nanoparticles can be used to deliver drugs to hair follicles, potentially improving treatments for conditions like acne and alopecia, and could also be used for vaccine delivery and gene therapy.
211 citations
,
June 2012 This review discusses recent advances in skin penetration mechanisms, specifically focusing on the enhanced understanding of the follicular pathway and its implications for transdermal therapies, immune system targeting, and nanoparticle safety.
211 citations
,
February 2009 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” This review summarizes recent advancements in follicular targeting for drug delivery via hair follicles and calls for pilot studies in humans to explore potential clinical applications.
5 citations
,
November 2008 in “Advances in Dermatology” This review discusses advancements in understanding hair cycle and inflammatory alopecias, proposing a standard classification and tiered treatment recommendations, but reports no clinical results.
48 citations
,
May 2008 in “Drug Discovery Today: Disease Mechanisms” This review discusses recent advancements in understanding hair follicles, their disorders, and potential therapeutic opportunities, but it reports no new clinical findings.
93 citations
,
January 2007 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” In this study, caffeine applied in a shampoo penetrated hair follicles faster and more effectively than through the skin surface within the first 20 minutes.
127 citations
,
June 2006 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” This research found that liquid-state liposomes and niosomes may enhance finasteride delivery to pilosebaceous units in hamsters more effectively than gel-state vesicles or hydroalcoholic solution.
224 citations
,
March 2006 in “Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery” This article discusses the hair follicle's regenerative cycles and the molecular mechanisms influencing them, emphasizing the need for therapeutic targeting of the "hair cycle clock" to manage hair growth disorders, without reporting new research findings.
141 citations
,
November 2005 in “International journal of pharmaceutics” This review examines the role of hair follicles and sebaceous glands in percutaneous drug delivery but does not report new clinical results; it calls for further exploration of follicle-targeting therapies.
162 citations
,
August 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study introduces a novel non-invasive method called "differential stripping" to quantify the penetration of topically applied substances into hair follicles.
64 citations
,
April 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study observed that topical oligonucleotide penetration in mouse skin involves a follicular route, suggesting potential suitability for targeting hair follicle-related structures.
26 citations
,
January 2005 in “PubMed” This study reports that RU 58841-myristate, a new antiandrogen prodrug formulated with solid lipid nanoparticles, shows potential for targeting hair follicles in preclinical laboratory settings.
54 citations
,
December 2004 in “PubMed” This study suggests that topical Cyclosporin A formulations, with or without a penetration enhancer, effectively stimulated hair regrowth in a rat model of alopecia areata.
36 citations
,
July 2004 in “Journal of Controlled Release” This study demonstrates that confocal laser scanning microscopy can effectively visualize the rapid diffusion and penetration pathway of a dye into the hair follicle in fresh human scalp skin.
253 citations
,
June 2004 in “Journal of Controlled Release” The research observed that 40-nm self-assembled nanoparticles enhanced minoxidil penetration in hairy guinea pig skin compared to 130-nm nanoparticles, but this size effect was absent in hairless skin.
316 citations
,
June 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study found that using a standardized protocol with microspheres of approximately 1.5 micrometers enhances penetration into hair follicles, particularly when skin is treated with cyanoacrylate skin surface stripping.
199 citations
,
January 2004 in “The International Journal of Developmental Biology” This review discusses advances in understanding hair and hair follicle structure, gene expression, and molecular signals in hair formation, without reporting new clinical findings.
405 citations
,
January 2004 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that hair follicle characteristics vary significantly across different body sites, with the forehead and calf showing the highest potential follicular reservoirs, challenging previous assumptions about skin appendage distribution.
44 citations
,
April 2003 in “European journal of pharmaceutical sciences” This study found that targeting the hair follicle can be increased by using lipophilic drugs combined with surfactant solutions and propylene glycol.
47 citations
,
January 2003 in “Pharmaceutical Research” 
24 citations
,
September 2002 in “Dermatologic Surgery” This study describes the anatomy of arrector pili muscles in scalp hair follicular units, proposing a model where a single muscle structure is shared by all follicles within a unit.
68 citations
,
March 2002 in “Journal of pharmaceutical sciences” This study found that nonionic liposomes were the most effective vehicle for delivering reporter genes into the skin of rat pups, compared to other liposome and nonliposome formulations.
55 citations
,
January 2002 in “Journal of liposome research” This research explores developing liposomal formulations to enhance the delivery of difficult-to-absorb agents directly to hair follicles and sebaceous glands, with minoxidil and plasmid DNA as study molecules.
88 citations
,
July 2001 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” This study reported that antimicrobial and topical retinoid therapies led to significant changes in the lipid profiles of sebaceous follicular infundibulum, with increased triglycerides and ceramide subfractions observed.
72 citations
,
January 2001 in “Drugs” This review discusses current and emerging drug therapies for treating androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata, and reports no clinical results; it highlights a need for improved and novel treatments.
124 citations
,
April 2000 in “Nature biotechnology” 99 citations
,
April 1998 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study found that human hair follicles serve as a crucial reservoir for Langerhans cells, which repopulate the epidermis depleted by ultraviolet B exposure.
47 citations
,
September 1997 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” This study found that cationic lipid-based formulations enhanced the delivery of large molecules into hair follicles in human scalp skin, with potential to reach pharmacologically active concentrations in the hair bulb.
60 citations
,
February 1997 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” This study demonstrated that phosphatidylcholine liposomes can deliver calcein and melanin into hair follicles and shafts in mice without significant penetration into the dermis, epidermis, or bloodstream.
37 citations
,
January 1997 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” This study observed that hairless rat skin was more permeable to mannitol and progesterone than hairy rat skin, indicating that follicular structures significantly impact percutaneous absorption.
43 citations
,
April 1996 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 23 citations
,
July 1993 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study found that topical minoxidil and diazoxide induced significant hair regrowth in bald macaques, while a steroid 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor prevented baldness in preadolescent macaques.
34 citations
,
December 1991 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” The conclusion is that small hair follicles cause baldness in macaques, and treatments like antiandrogens and minoxidil can prevent hair loss and promote regrowth.
60 citations
,
August 1969 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study used an autoradiographic technique to observe that germicides in surfactants are primarily deposited on the stratum corneum of guinea-pig and human skin.
