Gut Microbiome, Metabolome and Alopecia Areata

This study found that using a shampoo containing heat-killed probiotics, GMNL-653, led to decreased dandruff and sebum production and increased hair growth in human participants, with observed microbiota shifts including changes in M. globosa and M. restricta abundance.

This study found that hair care products containing fermented papaya, fermented mangosteen, and caffeine significantly inhibited hair loss, increased hair density and thickness, and improved hair follicle structure in individuals with androgenic or diffuse alopecia over three months compared to placebo and caffeine controls.

This review discusses oxidative stress in alopecia areata pathogenesis and potential treatment strategies, reporting no new clinical results but suggesting biomarkers for oxidative stress and discussing JAK inhibitors as promising options.

This study found that bacterially induced metabolic changes in stem cells can enhance skin and hair follicle regeneration in both mice and humans, suggesting potential strategies for improving recovery after injury.

This review discusses the role of cutaneous and intestinal microbiota in the development of alopecia areata, summarizing current literature without reporting new clinical results.

This review discusses the potential influence of gut microbiota on alopecia areata and suggests fecal microbial transplantation as a possible therapeutic approach but reports no new results.

This review discusses the relationship between gut microbiota and alopecia areata, and it does not report new clinical results.

This study found that dysregulation of systemic Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines is associated with alopecia areata, with specific cytokines linked to disease activity and treatment response.

JAK inhibitors show promise for treating alopecia areata, but more research is needed.

This review discusses the role of hair follicle bacterial colonization in immune responses and the pathogenesis of alopecia but reports no new clinical results.

This review highlights the challenges in treating alopecia areata, noting that current therapies often lead to relapse and have uncertain long-term effectiveness; it also points to potential future treatments such as JAK-STAT inhibitors and PRP.

This article reviews the classification, diagnosis, and management of hair disorders, emphasizing the role of trichoscopy and early diagnosis for effective treatment but reports no new clinical findings.

This review found that JAK/STAT pathway inhibitors, such as tofacitinib and ruxolitinib, led to symptom improvement in all observed atopic dermatitis cases, but responses were mixed for vitiligo and alopecia areata, with a generally mild safety profile reported.

In this case report, an 86-year-old man experienced new hair growth and color change in alopecia areata after receiving fecal microbiota transplantation for noninfectious diarrhea.

This study found that administering a kimchi and cheonggukjang probiotic product promoted hair growth and increased hair thickness in individuals with patterned hair loss without causing adverse effects.

This study found that T-regulatory cells, specifically the FOXP3 CD39 subset, were significantly reduced in both circulation and hair follicles of alopecia areata patients compared to healthy subjects, suggesting potential therapeutic targets.

This review discusses genetic and environmental factors contributing to autoimmunity in alopecia areata and reports no new clinical findings, emphasizing the need for further study on its aetiology and pathophysiology.

This study reviewed recent theories on alopecia areata's pathogenesis, highlighting its autoimmune nature due to immune privilege disruption in hair follicles, and noted current treatments have limited efficacy with high relapse rates, underscoring the need for further research into its mechanisms for better therapies.

This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical evaluation, and pathogenesis of alopecia areata and highlights recent advancements, but it does not report new clinical findings.

This study found that antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis, particularly overgrowth of Lactobacillus murinus, can lead to hair loss in mice by depleting biotin.

This review noted that alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease impacting hair follicles and offered insights into its complex pathogenesis involving immune responses, while highlighting ongoing research into new treatments such as Janus kinase inhibitors and other immunomodulatory drugs.

This review discusses the mechanisms underlying immune tolerance failure in alopecia areata and highlights potential therapeutic avenues for restoring hair growth and achieving sustained remission, but reports no new clinical results.

This study found that intracellular Toll-like receptors were significantly up-regulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of alopecia areata patients, suggesting a potential role in inflammatory signaling and pathogenesis.

This review reports that alopecia areata affects about 2% of people globally and is linked with psychiatric and medical comorbidities, highlighting its significant disease burden.

This study found that the Stem Cell Educator therapy improved hair regrowth and quality of life in patients with severe alopecia areata by restoring immune balance and protecting hair follicles from autoimmune damage.

This study found that caffeine enhanced hair growth and keratinocyte proliferation in human hair follicles, with female follicles showing greater sensitivity than male ones.

This study introduces the concept of a "gut–brain–skin axis" where ingesting a specific Lactobacillus strain in mice may reduce stress-induced skin inflammation and hair growth inhibition.