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Mutations in the androgen receptor gene cause different levels of androgen insensitivity, making it hard to create simple tests for the condition.

The document explains various skin conditions and their treatments.

Ectodysplasin inhibits Wnt signaling to help form hair follicles.

Chitosan, a natural substance, can be used to create tiny particles that effectively deliver various types of drugs, but more work is needed to improve stability and control of drug release.

There are various effective hormone treatments for puberty induction in boys and girls with hypogonadism, and starting treatment early is important.

Microbial biosurfactants could be a safer and environmentally friendly alternative to chemical surfactants in cosmetics.

A new treatment for hair loss uses tiny lipid carriers to deliver a mix of minoxidil and latanoprost directly to hair follicles, promoting hair growth and being well tolerated by the skin.

The guideline provides healthcare professionals in South Africa with instructions for comprehensive, multidisciplinary gender-affirming care, including HIV prevention and treatment for transgender and gender diverse individuals.

Zinc is crucial for skin health and treating various skin disorders.

Hormone therapy improves mental well-being in transgender individuals but requires ongoing health monitoring.

Microneedles are promising for long-acting drug delivery and can improve patient compliance, but more data is needed to confirm their effectiveness.

Constant light exposure during pregnancy changes newborn rabbits' skin, affecting hair follicles, skin thickness, and pigment cells.

Menopause worsens skin, hair, and nails, affecting self-esteem and quality of life.

Thermal spring waters and their microbes could be good for skin health and treating some skin conditions in skincare products.

The DNA convention was a valuable opportunity for learning and networking, especially after COVID-19.

The document concludes that hair is complex, with a detailed growth cycle, structure, and clinical importance, affecting various scientific and medical fields.

PCOS is a common hormonal disorder in women, marked by symptoms like hair growth and menstrual issues, and requires personalized treatment.

Nanoemulsion-based drug delivery systems are versatile and have potential for treating various medical conditions and improving vaccines.

Diagnosing simple-virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be difficult and requires thorough testing and expert advice.

Advancements in nanoformulations for CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing can respond to specific triggers for controlled gene editing, showing promise in treating incurable diseases, but challenges like precision and system design complexity still need to be addressed.

Long COVID causes a wide range of long-lasting symptoms that change over time and are hard to diagnose and treat.

Intravaginal testosterone cream improves sexual satisfaction and reduces vaginal discomfort in postmenopausal women on breast cancer treatment without affecting hormone levels.

Recurrent vaginal bleeding in young girls without puberty signs may require a genital exam to find hidden causes.

A spayed dog with vaginal bone structures causing infection was successfully treated by removing the bones and administering medication.

Imiquimod may be a better non-surgical treatment for cervical pre-cancer, but its effectiveness for vaginal pre-cancer is unclear, and it has some side effects.

Hormone therapy for breast cancer often leads to sexual issues like vaginal dryness and decreased libido.

Early postmenopausal women often experience skin issues like vaginal dryness, swallowing difficulties, hair loss, and uncommonly, keratoderma and hirsutism, but many are unaware these are related to menopause.

Different skin conditions show distinct types of vessel inflammation, a new quality of life index for vulval disease is reliable, a certain intrauterine system might be linked to chronic vaginal yeast infections, and oral minoxidil reduces hair loss in women.

Androgens play a role in female sexual function, and testosterone therapy can help women with low sexual desire, but more research is needed on treatments and long-term safety.

Birth control pills increase the risk of blood clots, especially within the first year and with certain types.