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The researchers reported that stress-induced keratins in human skin are expressed at lower levels than those in healthy skin and are co-regulated with genes involved in differentiation, inflammation, and immunity, rather than replacing keratins of normal differentiation or indicating cell proliferation.

This review discusses the complexity and genetic organization of human keratin gene clusters and addresses the ongoing need for an updated unified naming system; it reports no new clinical results.

This study identified a new type II cytokeratin, named K6hf, exclusively expressed in the companion layer of the human hair follicle, distinguishing it from other keratins and suggesting a unique biochemical role.

This study identifies six novel keratin genes from the chromosome 17q21.2 region, suggesting their association with hair follicles, while all 27 keratin genes in the domain have been characterized transcriptionally.

This study suggests that specific combinations of human type I and II hair keratins, particularly K35-K85 and K36-K81, have distinct in vitro assembly properties that are significant for macrofibril formation.

This chapter reviews keratins in skin epithelia, including their roles in cellular function and disease, and reports no new experimental results.

In this study, researchers found that the absence of type I or type II keratins in mice leads to severe skin barrier defects, highlighting keratins' crucial role in epidermal structure and function.

This study found that keratin K80, structurally similar to hair keratins, is broadly expressed in various epithelial tissues and is involved in intermediate filament formation with multiple type I partners.

This review discusses the diversity of keratins and keratin-associated proteins in wool and hair, noting significant variation in their families, with no new results reported; the authors detail known protein structures without experimental findings.

This study found that Krtap11-1 may play an important role in keratin-bundle assembly in the hair cortex, influencing the physical properties of hair.

In this study, two novel clusters of keratin-associated protein genes on human chromosome 11 were analyzed, suggesting their products are crucial for hair formation due to preferential expression in hair roots.

This study identified nine novel KRTAP5 family genes associated with human hair formation, demonstrating preferential expression in hair roots and suggesting their role in hair development.

This review reports that KRT80 is overexpressed in various cancers, enhancing cancer cell proliferation, invasiveness, and migration, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target, though more clinical studies are needed to fully understand its role in cancer prognosis.

Keratins are crucial for cell structure, growth, and disease risk.

This study found that squamous cell carcinomas from hair follicle stem cells are more prone to epithelial to mesenchymal transition and metastasis than those from interfollicular epidermis, due to distinct chromatin landscapes.

In this study of a TRPS type I patient, many genes related to keratin and hair development were down-regulated in balding scalp areas, providing new insights into TRPS and hair morphogenesis.

This study on Indian dromedary camel breeds investigated the KRTAP7 protein, finding all four breeds shared an identical gene sequence, with 13 phosphorylation and glycosylation sites influencing hair characteristics, alongside predicted interactions with other biosynthesis-related proteins.

This study found that keratin-associated proteins related to metallothionein and occludin appear in various animals, suggesting they may have roles beyond hair characteristics and were later adapted for hair production.

This study investigated the formation of Type III brush hair in Chinese Haimen goats and identified genetic factors that may involve heat stress in the process.

This study suggests that STAT3 signaling in keratinocytes is crucial for maintaining skin homeostasis by regulating hair follicle-specific keratin genes, potentially impacting dermatitis development through microbe-triggered inflammatory responses.

This study examined the molecular communication in psoriasis cells, highlighting unique immune cell interactions and identifying new features of the hair follicle cell-psoriasis axis. It suggests the potential for targeted therapies at the single-cell level to improve psoriasis treatment.

This study used proteomics to identify various proteins in human hair, which may help develop novel biomarkers for hair health, disease, and aging.

This study found that down and guard hairs of Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goats have distinct protein compositions and physical properties, with keratin-related proteins potentially influencing these differences.

This study identified a new gene in sheep, KRTAP36-2, discovering variants associated with wool yield. Variations in this gene were linked to the efficiency of fleece conversion from greasy to clean, which may enhance wool production.

This study analyzed the genetic variations of the KAP20-1 gene in Chinese Tan sheep lambs and found that the G variant was linked to an increased mean fibre curvature in their fine wool fibres, potentially influencing breeding strategies for this wool trait.

In this study on Chinese Tan sheep, researchers discovered a variant of the KRTAP19-5 gene associated with decreased curvature of fine wool fibres, highlighting potential genetic markers for improving wool quality.

In this study, researchers found that the keratin-associated protein 36-1 gene (KRTAP36-1) allele C is linked to variations in mean fibre curvature of fine wool in Chinese Tan lambs, suggesting its role in their distinctive curly coat.

This study investigated the expression of KRTAP6 gene family in Gansu Alpine fine-wool sheep, finding significant expression during the anagen phase and a negative correlation between KRTAP6-1 and KRTAP6-5 expressions with wool fiber diameter and strength.

Krt6a-Cre transgenic mice help study gene effects on hair follicle development and tumor suppression.

This study provides evidence supporting a regulatory relationship between the transcriptional regulator Hoxc13 and Krtap16 genes, which are crucial for proper hair growth in mice.