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PDE inhibitors, especially PDE4 inhibitors like apremilast, are effective for certain inflammatory skin conditions but have side effects and can be costly.

The document concludes that the 5 alpha-reductase enzymes are important in steroid metabolism and related to various human diseases, with inhibitors used to treat conditions like male pattern baldness and prostate issues.

Wnt7a protein is crucial for development and tissue maintenance and plays varying roles in diseases and potential treatments.

Metformin helps manage polycystic ovary syndrome by improving insulin resistance and ovulation, but more research is needed on its full effects.

A substance called DKK-1 increases in balding areas and causes hair cells to die when exposed to DHT.

Hormones and metabolism play a complex role in prostate enlargement, and more research is needed to improve diagnosis and treatment.

Minoxidil and finasteride effectively treat hair loss.

Researchers found 15 new genetic links to skin traits in Japanese women.

The document explains different types of hair loss, their causes, and treatments, and suggests future research areas.

Eating healthy, exercising, and taking certain supplements can help manage Polycystic Ovary Syndrome symptoms.

Melatonin improved mental health and metabolism in women with PCOS.

Mice with human gene experienced hair loss when treated with DHT.

Sex hormones affect brain injury differently in males and females.

17-β-Estradiol applied to the skin stops hair growth, while ICI 182 780 helps hair grow in mice.

Curcumin may improve blood sugar levels and cholesterol in people with PCOS, but more research is needed.

Androgen receptor signaling causes early aging of cells important for hair growth by damaging their DNA.

Dihydrotestosterone affects hair growth by changing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, with low levels helping and high levels hindering growth.

Finasteride may improve prostate cancer treatment outcomes.

Hsc70 protein may influence hair growth by responding to androgens.

1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 directly affects cartilage growth and development.

Scientists have found specific genes linked to different hair loss conditions, which could lead to new treatments.

Patients with the same genetic mutation for vitamin D-resistant rickets showed different symptoms but all improved with treatment except for hair loss.

Inducing ferroptosis in hepatic stellate cells is crucial for treating liver fibrosis.

Clinicians should use social and prescription data to track trends in performance-enhancing drug use.

Essential oils may help hair health but lack strong scientific proof and can cause allergic reactions.

Antiandrogens and androgen inhibitors like spironolactone, finasteride, and dutasteride can treat hair loss and skin conditions, but they have risks and side effects, including potential harm to pregnant women and risks of cancer and heart issues. Herbal remedies also have antiandrogenic effects but lack safety validation.

Two enzymes regulate androgen receptor activity, affecting treatments for androgen insufficiency and benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Imatinib mesylate can cause skin lightening, especially in Chinese patients, due to its effect on pigment production.

Saw palmetto extracts might help treat male hair loss and need more research.

A new genetic change causing early stop in the androgen receptor gene was found in a patient with androgen insensitivity syndrome.