Effects of Melatonin Administration on Mental Health Parameters, Metabolic and Genetic Profiles in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

In a study from 2019 involving 58 women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), researchers found that a 12-week regimen of 10 mg daily melatonin supplementation significantly improved mental health parameters, including sleep quality, depression, and anxiety scores. It also positively affected metabolic parameters by reducing serum insulin levels, insulin resistance (measured by HOMA-IR), and total and LDL-cholesterol levels, while increasing insulin sensitivity (measured by QUICKI). Furthermore, melatonin was shown to upregulate the gene expression of PPAR-y and LDLR, which are related to insulin and lipid metabolism. These results suggest that melatonin could be a potential therapeutic agent for managing symptoms of PCOS, particularly concerning mental health and metabolic disturbances.