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Some chemicals absorbed through the skin can cause serious health problems.

This study found that minoxidil absorption through the skin increased with longer contact times, reaching over 75% of the maximum absorption within four hours.

This study observed that proretinal nanoparticles delivered significantly higher concentrations of retinal to the stratum corneum and hair follicles compared to non-particulate forms, potentially improving topical retinoid therapy.

This study reported that larger caffeine nanocrystals, at 694 nm, increased caffeine bioavailability via transfollicular penetration compared to smaller nanocrystals, especially in long-term serum concentration measurements.

This review reports that innovative topical treatments for dermatologic conditions like acne and atopic dermatitis show minimal systemic absorption, indicating improved safety and tolerability compared to traditional therapies.

This study found that coadministering minoxidil with tretinoin cream increased minoxidil absorption nearly threefold in healthy males, attributed to increased stratum corneum permeability.

This study used computer simulations to evaluate the absorption of oral and topical finasteride for treating androgenetic alopecia, finding that topical applications resulted in lower plasma concentrations, suggesting potential viability as a treatment option.

This review discusses the potential of lecithin organogels for improving topical drug delivery and presents no new experimental results; the authors highlight their stability and low skin irritancy as advantages.

This paper reviews strategies to enhance the effectiveness of topical drug delivery by addressing skin barrier challenges, optimizing drug delivery systems, and personalizing treatment approaches, highlighting both current advancements and limitations in the field.

This study reported that among postmenopausal women with female pattern hair loss, treatment with topical finasteride 0.5% and minoxidil 2% was more effective at improving hair condition than treatment with topical 17α-estradiol 0.05% and minoxidil 2%, particularly notable at 12-18 months of follow-up.

This study found that JetPeel-assisted topical minoxidil significantly improved hair growth in patients with androgenetic alopecia compared to topical minoxidil alone or no treatment.

This study demonstrated that hair follicles significantly expedite the absorption of caffeine through the skin compared to interfollicular pathways.

This review highlights the potential of permeation enhancers to improve the delivery of active ingredients across the skin, optimizing therapeutic outcomes despite challenges posed by individual variability and environmental factors, according to the authors' analysis of current understanding and applications in skincare and transdermal therapies.

This study found that dutasteride-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers coated with a stearic acid-chitosan oligomer are stable, less cytotoxic, and suitable for topical delivery to promote hair growth.

In this study, five women with androgenetic alopecia experienced severe facial and limb hypertrichosis after using 5% topical minoxidil, which resolved after discontinuing the treatment.

This study found that topical minoxidil solutions showed the highest skin permeation at 3-4% concentrations, with crystallization occurring at a 5% concentration due to vehicle component evaporation.

This study found that while systemic absorption of DHT from liposomes was negligible, the topical biological effect was weaker compared to DHT dissolved in acetone on the female hamster flank organ model.

This study reported that a 0.005% finasteride solution may encourage hair regrowth and reduce balding areas in patients with androgenic alopecia, without significant absorption or adverse effects.

This study found that the HPCH-based formulation P-08–016 may facilitate finasteride deposition in the dermis, potentially offering an alternative to systemic therapy by minimizing systemic absorption.

Minoxidil solution can cause skin irritation and allergies in some users.

This case report highlights that a postmenopausal woman experienced virilization due to unintentional transdermal absorption of testosterone from her spouse's topical androgen via shared washcloths, underscoring the importance of considering exogenous androgen exposure in similar diagnoses.

Liposomes can make the antiandrogen RU 58841 more effective for skin application by reducing absorption, increasing skin retention, and targeting sebaceous structures.

This review discusses the topical use of systemic drugs for cutaneous disorders and reports a lack of strong evidence from randomized controlled trials, highlighting the need for larger comparative effectiveness studies.

In this study, five women with androgenetic alopecia developed severe hypertrichosis on the face and limbs after using 5% topical minoxidil, which resolved after discontinuing the treatment.

Minoxidil helps hair regrowth in alopecia, but more research needed.

This case report describes a 5-year-old child in Brazil who developed generalized hypertrichosis after using topical minoxidil, suggesting caution when using it in children.

This study found that topically administered spironolactone in healthy volunteers resulted in no detectable systemic absorption or changes in related hormone levels over 72 hours, indicating local effect only.

In this study, skin stretching significantly increased the delivery of retinyl ascorbate into the dermis, while sealing hair follicles did not affect absorption through native skin.

This study developed a stable, cosmetically appealing formulation for the topical delivery of the peptide FOL-005, enhancing skin permeation and maintaining stability by keeping the peptide solid and in a water-free environment with particle sizes under 10 µm.