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The document concludes that the exact way alcohol causes harm to fetal development is unknown, but it significantly affects nutrient transport to the fetus and a safe level of alcohol during pregnancy is not determined.

Epidermal stem cells are diverse and vary in activity, playing key roles in skin maintenance and repair.

Omeprazole effectively treats severe acid reflux in children for short-term use, but long-term safety needs more research.

Androgens can cause hair growth in some areas and hair loss on the scalp.

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease causing patchy hair loss, often with other autoimmune disorders, but its exact causes are unknown.

Early detection and intensive treatment of diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus toxins are crucial for reducing severe health effects.

Men generally have more severe COVID-19 cases and higher death rates than women due to biological differences.

Stress can cause hair loss by negatively affecting hair follicles and this effect might be reversed with specific treatments.

Janus kinase inhibitors are promising treatments for autoimmune skin diseases like eczema and psoriasis.

Macrophages help regrow hair by activating stem cells using AKT/β-catenin and TNF.

People with PCOS, especially if obese, often have NAFLD, linked to obesity, insulin resistance, and high androgen levels.

Tiny particles from stem cells help activate hair growth cells and encourage hair growth in mice without being toxic.

Finasteride with oral contraceptive helps improve hair loss in premenopausal women.

MicroRNA-214 is important for skin and hair growth because it affects the Wnt pathway.

The document concludes that accurate diagnosis of different types of hair loss requires careful examination of hair and scalp tissue, considering both clinical and microscopic features.

The skin protects the body and is constantly renewed by stem cells; disruptions can lead to cancer.

The TGF-β family helps control how cells change and move, affecting skin, hair, and organ development.

EGF and KGF signalling prevent hair follicle formation and promote skin cell development in mice.

Certain genes control the color of human hair by affecting pigment production.

New methods have greatly improved our understanding of stem cell behavior and roles in the body.

Muscles and nerves that cause goosebumps also help control hair growth.

Imiquimod 5% cream reduced equine sarcoids in most cases.

Electrospun nanofibers show promise for enhancing blood vessel growth in tissue engineering but need further research to improve their effectiveness.

Sabal and Urtica extract works as well as finasteride for treating BPH, with fewer side effects.

Cyclosporine A may help treat hair loss by blocking a protein that inhibits hair growth.

Isotretinoin's effects and side effects, like birth defects and depression, might be due to it causing cell death in various cells.

Hidradenitis suppurativa treatment should be tailored to the individual, with quitting smoking being important.

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) slows down hair growth and promotes hair follicle regression.

Compartmentalized organization might be crucial for stem cells to effectively respond to growth or injury.

Nanotechnology in dermatology shows promise for better drug delivery and treatment effectiveness but requires more safety research.