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GLP-1 receptor agonists, like Dulaglutide, Liraglutide, and Semaglutide, have potential benefits beyond the pancreas, including neuroprotection, pain suppression, cardiovascular protection, obesity management, and cancer treatment, but there are concerns about pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer risks.

Genetic variations greatly affect individual metabolism and can impact health and disease risk.

Gender-affirming therapy can cause skin issues like acne and hair loss in transgender adolescents, and more research is needed on its dermatological effects.

New tools show that in fish, NPY increases feeding and somatostatin decreases it.

Oral estradiol works for many transgender women but needs personalized dosing and monitoring.

Ovarian vein sampling helped diagnose rare ovarian tumors causing high testosterone, and surgery to remove the tumors lowered the testosterone levels.

Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. may help treat hair loss by affecting specific biological pathways.

Menopause worsens skin, hair, and nails, affecting self-esteem and quality of life.

Enzymes involved in Vitamin A metabolism affect hair growth and type in mice.

Elephant tail-hair can show past stress levels, matching times when stressful events happened.

Neuroactive steroids and the enzyme 5α-reductase might be involved in the development of Tourette's syndrome.

Blocking testosterone speeds up wound healing in males.

Mutations in the vitamin D receptor cause hereditary vitamin D-resistant rickets, leading to poor bone health and requiring high calcium doses for treatment.

Androgens like testosterone may help treat traumatic brain injury by reducing mitochondrial stress and inflammation.

Plant-based compounds might be a promising alternative for prostate cancer treatment with fewer side effects.

PCOS causes infertility mainly due to hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation.

Eating high-glycemic foods and drinking milk may worsen acne by increasing insulin and IGF-1 levels.

Skin problems like acne and excess hair in PCOS are common and linked to being overweight.

Androgen receptors are key for development and health, affecting conditions like prostate cancer and male pattern baldness.

Antiandrogens affect androgen-dependent body functions and are used for various medical conditions, with some risks like fetus feminization, but new forms like 17α-propylmesterolone show promise for acne without systemic effects.

Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone have similar effects on body composition and metabolic health in men.

Finasteride effectively treats BPH, but needs more trials to understand potential.

Finasteride affects brain and blood steroids, causing lasting sexual and emotional side effects.

Certain drugs that block specific enzymes can help treat prostate diseases.

Type 3 5α-reductase is more common and finasteride and dutasteride strongly inhibit it.

Women with PCOS have similar bone density to healthy women, but those who are obese have higher bone density at some body sites.

Blocking a specific enzyme might help treat obesity and diabetes, but more research is needed to ensure it's safe.

Androgens can both promote and prevent hair growth due to differences in gene expression in hair follicles.

Too much AKR1C3 enzyme causes resistance to finasteride by increasing testosterone.

Finasteride boosts morphine's pain relief, stops tolerance, and reduces withdrawal in rats.