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Monotreme hair structure and protein distribution are similar to other mammals, but their inner root sheath cornifies differently, suggesting a unique evolution from reptile skin.

Hard skin features like scales, feathers, and hair evolved through specific protein changes in different animal groups.

Disulfide bonds make keratin in hair stronger and tougher.

The skin's internal clock affects healing, cancer risk, aging, immunity, and hair growth, and disruptions can harm skin health.

Cysteine-rich keratins evolved independently in mammals, reptiles, and birds for hard skin structures like hair, claws, and feathers.

The article concludes that studying how skin forms is key to understanding skin diseases and improving regenerative medicine.

Electromagnetic energy from wound dressing paste can disrupt skin lipid droplets, possibly affecting cancer development.

TRP channels in the skin are important for sensation and health, and targeting them could help treat skin disorders.

Genes related to keratin, skin cell differentiation, and immune functions are key in hedgehog skin and spine development.

The study found that certain genes are important for hedgehog skin appendage development and immunity, with spines possibly evolving for protection and infection resistance.

The conclusion is that skin and hair patterns are formed by a mix of cell activities, molecular signals, and environmental factors.

Epidermal stem cells create and maintain skin structures like hair and nails through specific signaling pathways and vary by location and function.

Key genes can rewire networks, changing skin appendage types.

Different light affects cell functions and can help treat skin conditions.

The workshop highlighted the genetic links and psychological impacts of hair loss and skin disorders.

Rabbits lacking the Hoxc13 gene show similar hair and skin issues to humans with ECTD-9, making them good for research on this condition.

Bird foot scales develop differently and can repair but not fully regenerate due to the lack of specialized stem cell areas.

The research identified two types of keratinocytes in chicken scales: one for hard scales and another for soft skin, with similarities to human skin differentiation.

The skin systems of jawed vertebrates evolved diverse appendages like hair and scales from a common structure over 420 million years ago.

Keratin-associated proteins have ancient origins and were used for different purposes before being adapted for hair in mammals.

Hair in mammals likely evolved from glandular structures, not scales.

Obesity leads to physical, metabolic, reproductive issues, higher healthcare costs, and mental health problems.

Different ectodermal organs like hair and feathers regenerate differently, with specific stem cells and signals involved in their growth and response to the environment.

Lampreys have a functional vitamin D receptor that may help detoxify harmful substances.

Sex hormones, especially estradiol, can change chicken feather shapes and colors.

Changes in the HR gene have influenced hair growth and may lead to hair loss conditions in humans.

Different fish use the same genes to regrow teeth.

The gene Prss53 affects hair shape and bone development in rabbits.

FGF13 gene changes cause excessive hair growth in a rare condition.

Some hair protein genes evolved early and were adapted for use in hair follicles.