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Amenorrhea is when a woman doesn't have periods, with primary amenorrhea starting by age 15 or within five years of breast development, and secondary amenorrhea when periods stop for three months. It affects 3-4% of women not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause, mainly due to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and ovarian failure.

This review explores the use of skin penetration enhancers like Transcutol® in various formulation systems, discussing their mechanisms and effectiveness in improving transdermal drug delivery without breaching the skin.

This study found that an intermittent low-dose regimen of finasteride (2.5 mg every 3 days) effectively reduced hirsutism scores in women with idiopathic hirsutism or polycystic ovary syndrome, with fewer side effects than continuous daily administration.

This study reports that compound heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the HEPHL1 gene in a child were associated with abnormal hair and cognitive issues, linking altered ferroxidase activity to hair disorders.

This review discusses the broader roles of angiogenic factors, like VEGFs and FGFs, beyond angiogenesis, highlighting their involvement in various biological and pathological processes.

This study examined the structural and biochemical mechanisms of human lipocalin prostaglandin D synthase, detailing substrate and product binding processes at the catalytic site and suggesting potential for drug delivery targeting hydrophobic molecules.

This case report highlights that a postmenopausal woman experienced virilization due to unintentional transdermal absorption of testosterone from her spouse's topical androgen via shared washcloths, underscoring the importance of considering exogenous androgen exposure in similar diagnoses.

This study found that trichodynia is associated with both peripheral and central sensitization, potentially linked to hair cycle abnormalities and chronic pain through proinflammatory agents.

Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause skin darkening and increased blood vessels, but treatment can improve symptoms.

This study demonstrated that dermal papilla cells are molecularly distinct from fibroblasts and identified many novel molecules, including a new member of the CTGF protein family.

Topical finasteride doesn't reduce DHT levels, hinting at an endocrine role in hair loss.

This study identified proteins that are differentially expressed in balding versus non-balding dermal papilla cells, potentially aiding the understanding and treatment of androgenetic alopecia.

This case study reports that a virilizing Leydig cell type ovarian tumor in a 40-year-old woman caused hyperandrogenism and virilization symptoms, which improved post-surgery.

Active oxygen species might be involved in skin tumor growth, but their exact role is unclear.

This study found that diphlorethohydroxycarmalol significantly increased prostaglandin $E_2$ synthesis in HaCaT human keratinocytes by upregulating COX-1 and COX-2 expression, suggesting potential benefits from elevated $PGE_2$ production.

This report presents a case of hereditary elliptocytosis in a 37-year-old woman with iron deficiency anemia, identifying a high percentage of elliptocytes in her blood after treatment.

This study concluded that PCOS patients, regardless of weight, have significantly lower serum amylin levels than healthy BMI-matched controls, while serum preptin levels did not vary significantly between groups.

This study found that young women with PCOS had normal thyroid function but showed alterations in lipid metabolism, which may predispose unmarried women in this group to cardiovascular diseases.

This study determined the broad class and molecular species of glycerophospholipids in Eastern red bat sebum, highlighting differences from previous bat lung surfactant studies.

This study found no significant association between premature hair graying and serum ferritin or vitamin D levels in young adult males at Universitas Sumatera Utara.

This case report describes a woman with severe hyperandrogenism due to ovarian tumors, where surgical removal led to dramatic improvement in her diabetes control and reduced insulin requirements.

This study developed and validated an RP-HPLC-PDA method for accurately estimating Tamsulosin and Finasteride in bulk and tablet forms, achieving precise detection and linearity within specified concentration ranges.

In this case study, a 68-year-old woman was diagnosed with central diabetes insipidus and hypothalamic hypopituitarism due to a Rathke's cleft cyst.

This case report describes hair regrowth in a 73-year-old male who had been bald for decades, which might be associated with the antiandrogenic effects of spironolactone.

This review examines the traditional uses and biological activities of Glycyrrhiza glabra in Ayurveda, but reports no new clinical results; the authors identify a gap in evidence supporting its medicinal potential.

This study found that fluconazole increased water transport in renal cells via effects on aquaporin-2 channels, suggesting potential as a treatment for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, though clinical trials are needed to confirm efficacy in humans.

In this study, biochemical and clinical hyperandrogenism in PCOS were found to be distinct entities with no strong androgen correlation to clinical symptoms like acne or hirsutism.

This research reports the presence of various physicochemical constituents and nutrients in glycine max (soybean) milk and okara, highlighting its potential medicinal and nutritional benefits.

This study found that women with polycystic ovary syndrome in the Black Sea Region had higher levels of androgens, obesity, and insulin resistance, increasing their risk of metabolic syndrome compared to healthy women.

This report discusses a case of vesiculopustular eruption in a patient with ulcerative colitis, highlighting the effective use of ustekinumab for treatment and suggesting its consideration in similar cases of IBD-related skin lesions.