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This study developed a 3D bioprinted skin model to mimic pemphigus vulgaris, providing a tool to study disease mechanisms and test targeted therapies by reproducing the architecture and pathogenic disruptions of native skin.

This review discusses the role of hair follicle stem cells as active signaling centers in skin homeostasis, highlighting recent advancements and reporting no new clinical results.

This study demonstrates the use of microscopy-guided laser ablation to create a highly structured 3D hydrogel-based organotypic skin model with folliculoid structures, potentially useful for studying hair follicle development or bioactive substance screening.

This article reviews organotypic skin culture systems and their applications in dermatological research, highlighting their ability to model human epidermal conditions in vitro, but it reports no new clinical results.

This study demonstrates that keratinocyte cell lines derived from cultured hair follicles can fully differentiate in organotypic skin models, offering a minimally invasive alternative to obtaining keratinocytes for research.

This study found that incorporating human adipose subcutaneous tissue in 3D organotypic skin cultures mimicking hypertrophic scar conditions improved epidermal homeostasis, formed a basement membrane similar to native skin, and reduced myofibroblast presence, indicating an anti-fibrotic effect.

This study suggests that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) may play a role in hair follicle neogenesis and that an HGF mimetic could enhance skin substitute development.

This study found that mutant Cx43 impairs fibroblast function during wound healing and reduces hair follicle cell proliferation, likely contributing to hair growth defects in ODDD patients.

This study observed that in vitro cocultures of hair follicle cells with dermal fibroblasts or hair papilla cells enhanced proliferation and differentiation of outer root sheath cells but did not mimic hair-type differentiation.

This study found that non-ablative fractional erbium glass laser treatment affected gene regulation in human skin models by downregulating MMP and interleukin expression, suggesting potential roles in dermal remodeling and anti-inflammatory effects.

This review suggests that skin may largely protect itself from CYP-generated reactive metabolites due to higher conjugating enzyme activities, while highlighting limitations in modeling human skin metabolism experimentally.

This study found that intact pilosebaceous units were more effective than truncated hair follicles at regenerating a multilayered epidermis in a de-epidermalized dermis in vitro.

The researchers described a chip-based bioreactor platform for dynamic perfusion, which may enhance in vitro skin models by introducing mechanical shear stress and extending culture periods.

This study developed a new human hair research model combining 3D spheroid dermal papilla fibroblasts with plucked anagen hair shafts, potentially improving the evaluation of hair follicle differentiation.

This study suggests that hydroxypinacolone retinoate (HPR) may be an effective alternative to tretinoin for anti-aging skin treatments, offering similar collagen production benefits without increased skin irritation.

This study demonstrated that skin organoids derived from human stem cells can model cutaneous tuberculosis, revealing that fibrosis development in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected organoids is linked to the PI3K-AKT and AP1 pathways in fibroblasts, and suggesting the potential for antifibrotic treatment evaluation.

This study found that donor age and culture medium significantly impact the quality of human full-thickness skin models, with implications for their use as animal model alternatives in research.

The researchers reported that the antipsoriatic compounds 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 and calcipotriol thinned the living cell compartment in organotypic ORS cultures by accelerating the differentiation pathway rather than affecting proliferation.

In vitro skin models are improving but still need more innovation to fully replicate human skin.

Certain cells around hair follicles help improve skin regeneration for potential use in skin grafts.

In this study, different treatments on ex vivo skin models effectively simulated varying levels of skin damage, demonstrating the value of these models in testing skin repair products and studying how a compromised skin barrier affects viral penetration.

In this study, post-treatment with DCO was found to speed up epidermal wound healing after micro-needling of 3D skin models while maintaining the treatment's immunostimulatory benefits, potentially optimizing aftercare and reducing patient recovery time.

This review explores advancements in bioprinting technologies for developing in vitro skin models that replicate immune-mediated skin diseases, highlighting their potential to reduce animal testing and enhance research and product testing capabilities in dermatology.

This review discusses the applications and potential of Bioengineered Artificial Skin Substitutes in cosmetics and pharmacology research, with no new clinical findings reported.

In this study, the reconstructed skin epidermal model derived from hair follicles showed gene expression and enzyme functionality consistent with native human skin, suggesting its viability for studying skin metabolism and potential toxicity of dermo-cosmetic ingredients.

This review discusses current experimental approaches for regenerating human hair follicles using tissue engineering and isolated cells, but reports no successful strategies with adult cells yet found.

This study suggests that keratinocytes derived from hair follicles of patients with atopic dermatitis provide a useful model for investigating AD-related inflammation, as they showed greater expression changes of AD markers when stimulated with type 2 cytokines compared to those from healthy donors.

This paper reviews advancements in 3D human skin models using bioprinting, organoid, and organ-on-a-chip technologies, noting improvements in physiological realism through vascularization and multi-omics data, but also highlighting challenges such as cost and lack of standardization that hinder clinical adoption.

This study found that various reduced folates effectively penetrated an in vitro skin model, promoted cell proliferation and migration, and may enhance wound healing, suggesting potential for topical treatment in skin conditions.

In this review, researchers summarize key factors in constructing skin organoids, including cell source and assembly methods, and emphasize advances such as air-liquid interface culture for improving tissue development, aiming to guide standardized protocols and future clinical applications.