Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Skin Organoids Enabled Pathophysiological Model of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection

This study found that TSC2-null fibroblast cells from TSC skin hamartomas can induce hair follicle formation and hamartomatous changes in keratinocytes, with active mTOR signaling observable in a mouse xenograft model.

This study found that organoid cultures of human epithelial and mesenchymal cells can produce hair peg-like structures, and their growth is enhanced by minoxidil, suggesting potential for hair drug screening.

In this study, researchers used a human skin organoid model to show that solar UV exposure damages hair follicles and skin, while exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells reduced inflammation and supported hair follicle regeneration.

This review highlights that skin organoids, advanced three-dimensional models mimicking human skin, are emerging as effective alternatives to traditional culture models and human skin, overcoming limitations of two-dimensional systems and ethical concerns, and are being increasingly used in areas like developmental biology and disease modeling.

This review describes bioengineering strategies to mimic the natural cell microenvironment in vitro, emphasizing the novel approach of using cell-synthesized extracellular matrix as a scaffold for engineering functional 3D tissues, while highlighting the limitations of exogenous scaffolds in tissue engineering.