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Glossary Metabolic Activity

Metabolic activity refers to the biochemical processes that occur within living organisms to maintain life, including the conversion of nutrients into energy and the synthesis of essential molecules. In the context of hair loss, metabolic activity is crucial as it influences hair follicle health, growth cycles, and overall hair density. Key distinguishing characteristics include the role of hormones, nutrients, and cellular signaling pathways that can either promote or inhibit hair growth, making metabolic activity a significant factor in conditions like androgenetic alopecia and telogen effluvium. Understanding metabolic activity can help in developing targeted treatments for hair loss by addressing underlying metabolic imbalances.

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research Antiandrogenic activities ofGlycyrrhiza glabrain male rats

15 citations , January 2009 in “International Journal of Andrology”

This study found that an alcoholic extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra significantly reduced prostate weight and serum testosterone in castrated rats given testosterone, indicating potential antiandrogenic properties.

research Comparison of Activities Dependent on Glutathione S-Transferase and Cytochrome P-450 IA1 in Cultured Keratinocytes and Reconstructed Epidermal Models

42 citations , January 2002 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology”

This study reported that reconstructed skin models can be useful for studying the effects of non-water-soluble topical products on xenobiotic metabolism, particularly in enzyme activities like EROD and GST.

research Melatonin: A Cutaneous Perspective on its Production, Metabolism, and Functions

185 citations , February 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This review discusses melatonin's potential in dermatology, highlighting its antioxidative, immunomodulatory, and DNA repair properties, but reports no new clinical results.

Effects of Polygoni Multiflori Radix on Elastase and Collagenase Activities and Procollagen Synthesis in Hs68 Human Fibroblasts

research Effects of Polygoni Multiflori Radix on the Elastase, and Collagenase Activities and the Procollagen Synthesis in Hs68 Human Fibroblasts

2 citations , January 2014 in “The Korea Journal of Herbology”

This study found that Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) reduced collagenase and elastase activity after UVB damage in fibroblasts, suggesting potential anti-aging properties for cosmetic use.

research Mitotic activity in the epidermis of the rabbit stimulated with local applications of testosterone propionate

25 citations , April 1949 in “The journal of experimental zoology”

This research studied the effect of local testosterone propionate applications on rabbit epidermal mitotic activity but reports no new results.

Complementarity and Balance of Dietary Protein and Lipid Intake

research Complémentarité et équilibre de l’apport alimentaire en protéines et en lipides

5 citations , January 2003 in “Oilseeds and fats, crops and lipids/OCL. Oilseeds & fats crops and lipids”

This review discusses the effects of dietary protein and its components on cholesterol, essential fatty acids, and possible health consequences, but presents no new clinical findings.

5α-Reductase Inhibitors Alter Steroid Metabolism and May Contribute to Insulin Resistance, Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, and Vascular Disease: A Medical Hypothesis

research 5α-Reductase inhibitors alter steroid metabolism and may contribute to insulin resistance, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and vascular disease: a medical hypothesis

15 citations , October 2014 in “Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation”

This report advances the hypothesis that finasteride and dutasteride inhibit 5α-reductase activities, potentially altering steroid metabolism and increasing the risk of insulin resistance, diabetes, and vascular disease.

Parquetina Nigrescens in the Management of Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome: Therapeutic Potential, Mechanistic Insights, and Future Perspectives

research Parquetina nigrescens in the Management of Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome: Therapeutic Potential, Mechanistic Insights, and Future Perspectives

June 2026

This review examines the potential of Parquetina nigrescens for managing Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome, emphasizing its pharmacological activities and highlighting its promise as an affordable complementary therapy.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects in LPS-Treated RAW 264.7 Cells and the Influences on Drug Metabolizing Enzyme Activities by the Traditional Herbal Formulas, Yongdamsagan-Tang and Paljung-San

research Anti-inflammatory Effects in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 Cells and the Influences on Drug Metabolizing Enzyme Activities by the Traditional Herbal Formulas, Yongdamsagan-Tang and Paljung-san

December 2021 in “Daehanhanuihakoeji”

This study suggests that combining finasteride with traditional herbal formulas Yongdamsagan-tang or Paljung-san may not interfere with drug metabolism while potentially enhancing anti-inflammatory effects for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia.

research The triacylglycerol synthesis enzyme DGAT1 also catalyzes the synthesis of diacylglycerols, waxes, and retinyl esters

258 citations , July 2005 in “Journal of lipid research”

This study found that DGAT1 exhibits additional acyltransferase activities in vitro, including MGAT, wax synthase, and ARAT activities, suggesting these could be relevant to its in vivo functions.

research Ovine placental steroid synthesis and metabolism in late gestation†

9 citations , April 2018 in “Biology of reproduction”

This study concluded that dietary changes alter serum progesterone and estradiol levels in late gestation ewes, likely due to metabolism rather than changes in placental steroid synthesis.

research Metabolic Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in the Hypoxic Niche

695 citations , October 2011 in “Cell stem cell”

This review discusses the metabolic and physiological mechanisms that maintain hematopoietic stem cell function, particularly focusing on oxygen and energy homeostasis, but it reports no new experimental results.

research Biological Activities of 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-Glucoside in Antiaging and Antiaging-Related Disease Treatments

43 citations , January 2016 in “Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity”

This review discusses the biological effects and mechanisms of THSG in antiaging and related disease treatments but reports no new experimental findings.

research Health Risks Associated with Long-Term Finasteride and Dutasteride Use: It’s Time to Sound the Alarm

17 citations , January 2020 in “The World Journal of Men's Health”

This article discusses the potential health risks associated with long-term use of finasteride and dutasteride for prostate and hair loss treatments, suggesting risks may include non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and other metabolic issues.

research New fluorogenic probes for neutral and alkaline ceramidases

5 citations , March 2019 in “Journal of lipid research”

This study reports new fluorogenic ceramidase substrates and highlights RBM14C24:1 as an efficient substrate for neutral ceramidase, while RBM15C18:1 is the best probe for measuring ACER1 and ACER2 activities, potentially aiding high-throughput screening for ceramidase inhibitors.

Astilbin Activates the Reactive Oxidative Species/PPARγ Pathway to Suppress Effector CD4+ T Cell Activities via Direct Binding With Cytochrome P450 1B1

research Astilbin Activates the Reactive Oxidative Species/PPARγ Pathway to Suppress Effector CD4+ T Cell Activities via Direct Binding With Cytochrome P450 1B1

1 citations , May 2022 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology”

This study found that astilbin downregulates effector CD4+ T cell activities through the CYP1B1/ROS/PPARγ pathway, suggesting its potential use in treating inflammation.

research Photo-downregulation of SIRT4 mitigates aging in mice by enhancing H3K9ac via fatty acid metabolism

April 2026 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

In this study, periodic exposure to red light in aged mice led to increased histone acetylation and activated mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, which collectively mitigated cellular aging by modulating metabolism, inflammation, and gene expression.

Altered Brain And Pituitary Androgen Metabolism By Prenatal, Perinatal Or Pre- And Postnatal Finasteride, Flutamide Or Dihydrotestosterone Treatment In Juvenile Male Rats

research Altered brain and pituitary androgen metabolism by prenatal, perinatal or pre- and postnatal finasteride, flutamide or dihydrotestosterone treatment in juvenile male rats

26 citations , November 1993 in “Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry”

This study reported that prenatal exposure to dihydrotestosterone altered long-term androgen metabolism in juvenile male rats, suggesting different regulatory mechanisms for 5a-reductase in hypothalamic versus pituitary tissues.

LSD1 Interacting With HSP90 Promotes Skin Wound Healing by Inducing Metabolic Reprogramming of Hair Follicle Stem Cells Through the c-MYC/LDHA Axis

research LSD1 interacting with HSP90 promotes skin wound healing by inducing metabolic reprogramming of hair follicle stem cells through the c‐MYC/LDHA axis

1 citations , June 2023 in “The FASEB journal”

This study found that in mice, LSD1 interacting with HSP90 accelerates skin wound healing by enhancing HFSC glycolytic metabolism, proliferation, and differentiation via the c-MYC/LDHA axis.

research Developmental Mapping of Hair Follicles in the Embryonic Stages of Cashmere Goats Using Proteomic and Metabolomic Construction

September 2023 in “Animals”

In this study, researchers used proteomic and metabolomic analyses to explore hair follicle development in embryonic cashmere goats, identifying significant roles for the oxytocin signalling pathway and associated networks in this process.

research Cutaneous Metabolism of Vitamin B-6

26 citations , February 2003 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study found that cutaneous pyridoxal 5'-phosphate hydrolase activity may be carried out by an enzyme different from the classical tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase in human and mouse skin.

research Evaluating the Metabolomic Profile and Anti-Pathogenic Properties of Cannabis Species

9 citations , April 2024 in “Metabolites”

This study reviews the current research on the metabolomic profile and antimicrobial properties of the Cannabis plant, highlighting its effective antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria while noting a lack of studies on its impact on plant and aquatic pathogens, emphasizing potential agricultural benefits.

research Influence of estrogens on the androgen metabolism in different subunits of human hair follicles.

41 citations , July 2001 in “PubMed”

This study reported that while finasteride and progesterone significantly inhibited dihydrotestosterone synthesis in dermal papillae, estrogens were less effective.

research Photo-downregulation of SIRT4 mitigates aging in mice by enhancing H3K9ac via fatty acid metabolism

June 2026 in “eLife”

This study found that periodic red light exposure in aged mice increased histone acetylation and activated metabolic processes in keratinocytes, mitigating cellular aging through enhanced fatty acid oxidation and altered gene expression related to lipid metabolism.

research Photo-downregulation of SIRT4 mitigates aging in mice by enhancing H3K9ac via fatty acid metabolism

June 2026 in “eLife”

This study found that periodic red light exposure increased histone acetylation and activated metabolic processes in aged mice, leading to enhanced fatty acid oxidation and the mitigation of cellular aging by influencing gene expression and metabolic regulation.

research Medicinal uses, pharmacological activities, phytochemistry, and the molecular mechanisms of Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) plant extracts: A review

202 citations , July 2022 in “Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy”

This review compiles and discusses the ethnomedicinal uses, pharmacological activities, and phytochemistry of pomegranate, suggesting potential future applications in drug discovery for various ailments but reports no new clinical results.

research Ameliorative effects of rutin against metabolic, biochemical and hormonal disturbances in polycystic ovary syndrome in rats

40 citations , December 2016 in “Journal of Ovarian Research”

In this study on rats, rutin showed dose-dependent improvements in hormonal, antioxidant, and lipid profiles related to polycystic ovary syndrome, with effects comparable to metformin.

research Finasteride 1 mg has no inhibitory effect on omeprazole metabolism in extensive and poor metabolizers for CYP2C19 in Japanese

4 citations , September 2006 in “European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology”

This study concluded that finasteride 1 mg does not significantly affect the metabolism of omeprazole in young healthy Japanese male extensive or poor metabolizers for CYP2C19.

Pyruvate Kinase M2 Promotes Hair Regeneration by Connecting Metabolic and Wnt/Beta-Catenin Signaling

research Pyruvate Kinase M2 Promotes Hair Regeneration by Connecting Metabolic and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling

2 citations , December 2022 in “Pharmaceutics”

This study found that activating both PKM2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways significantly enhanced hair regrowth and hair follicle neogenesis in mice, suggesting a potential strategy for treating alopecia.

research Pyruvate Kinase M2 Promotes Hair Regeneration by Connecting Metabolic and Wnt//β-Catenin Signaling

January 2022 in “Social Science Research Network”

This study found that activating both PKM2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling enhanced hair re-growth and HFSCs proliferation in mice, suggesting a potential treatment strategy for alopecia.