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This study found that neonatal blocking of androgen and estrogen pathways in rats altered sex-specific expression of estrogen and androgen receptors in adult pituitary and adrenal glands, potentially influencing lifelong neuroendocrine function.

This case report describes a 13-year-old with DSD raised as female, exhibiting hoarseness and clitoral enlargement, with hormonal assessments not indicating common related deficiencies.

In this case report, an embryonal cell carcinoma of the testicle was associated with polycythemia and markedly elevated hormone levels without secondary sexual characteristics, which were restored after treatment.

This review discusses the portrayal and enforcement of idealized masculinities in men's self-improvement advertising and reports no new empirical results.

This review discusses the clinical and molecular history of 5-alpha reductase deficiency, highlighting its role in male sexual differentiation and potential therapeutic applications, but reports no new research outcomes.

This review discusses the pathogenesis and treatment of acne in transgender men on testosterone therapy and reports no new clinical results, emphasizing the need for tailored guidelines.

In this study, ads in leading Indian men's magazines featured more international brands and Caucasian models, while promoting a class-based global masculinity among upper-class urban Indian men.

In this study, researchers observed that testicular 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency in an inbred Arab population in Israel leads to genital ambiguity at birth and progressive virilization after puberty.

This article reviews the genetic mutations causing male pseudohermaphroditism from 17 beta-HSD-3 and 5 alpha-RD-2 deficiencies and reports no new clinical findings.

This historical review traces the discovery of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, widely used in urology, from the study of guevedoces, Dominican children with a rare disorder leading to significant androgenization at puberty.

This article states that hormone therapy with estrogens and antiandrogens for transgender females is within an obstetrician-gynecologist's practice scope and involves careful dosing and monitoring to manage short-term thrombotic risks.

This source outlines what it takes to be a competent provider for transgender individuals, focusing on their health needs, disparities, and coverage, and examines medical biases and hormone treatment guidelines, alongside treatment options for different age groups, concluding with evolving trends in medical education.

This case study describes an extremely rare instance of androgen-secreting adrenocortical carcinoma in a patient with non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

This study found that among patients with sex cord stromal ovarian tumors, 11% exhibited signs of virilization, requiring thorough clinical evaluation to rule out non-neoplastic causes.

In this study, researchers examined androgen receptor activity in the adult mouse brain and found specific expression in key brain areas, which could inform understanding of cognitive side effects in humans undergoing androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer.

This study observed that men who conform more strongly to traditional masculinity norms are likelier to undergo cosmetic surgery as a way to assert power, success, dominance, and sexual success.

This article reviews hirsutism, its causes, cultural perceptions, and symptoms, but provides no new clinical findings beyond existing descriptions and statistics on hair growth patterns in women.

This study found that nearly 20% of men surveyed in German-speaking Europe had undergone cosmetic surgery, with higher conformity to traditional masculinity ideologies linked to greater odds of having these procedures, particularly hair transplants.

This case report describes a postmenopausal woman with virilization linked to ovarian stromal hyperthecosis, highlighting the importance of detailed clinical evaluation and complementary testing for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

This study observed that testosterone therapy in transgender men enhances both physical and mental health, is safe in the short and middle term with proper follow-up, and highlights the need for endocrinologists to provide gender-affirming care despite its limited presence in medical education.

This research found that androgen bioactivity plays a role in normal female sexual differentiation, suggesting females develop within a significant androgenic environment, with implications for understanding conditions like congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

This article examines changing representations of masculinity in popular media, looking at how they reshape gender roles and relationships, but reports no new empirical findings or evidence.

Men are increasingly interested in cosmetic treatments that enhance masculinity and address aging without downtime, with tailored approaches for different ethnicities and a focus on hair restoration and body contouring.

This case report documents successful virilization, including penile length increase, in a boy with partial androgen insensitivity syndrome using high-dose testosterone combined with anastrozole.

This study reported that facial hair is a crucial aspect of gender identity and transition for transmen, with a majority dissatisfied with their current facial hair despite testosterone therapy.

In this study, a treatment regimen combining cyproterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol significantly improved acne and seborrhoea in most women after three months, but had varied effects on hirsutism and alopecia.

This study found that in healthy men, higher levels of free testosterone were associated with a stronger immune response to the influenza vaccine, suggesting androgens may function as immunomodulators rather than strict immunosuppressants.

This case report describes a patient with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome experiencing female pattern hair loss, suggesting that factors beyond direct androgen action may contribute to this condition in women.

This review highlights the need for tailored hormonal treatment strategies for non-binary transgender individuals, emphasizing personalized care to enhance psychological well-being and quality of life.

This review discusses the unique dermatologic needs of transgender individuals during transitioning and emphasizes the importance of accommodating care in medical settings; it reports no new clinical results.