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This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of masculinization involving androgen signaling and their roles in male embryonic development and conditions like hypospadias and prostate cancer, and reports no clinical results.

This review discusses various surgical and nonsurgical techniques for facial masculinization in transgender men and reports no new clinical outcomes; the authors highlight the importance of understanding patient satisfaction and insurance coverage options.

This study suggests that sexual dimorphism in adipose tissue functions may be linked to androgen levels, as women with PCOS demonstrated a more masculine adipokine expression pattern.

This review discusses nonsurgical techniques for facial masculinization and feminization in transgender patients and reports no new clinical findings, utilizing data from analogous procedures in cisgender individuals.

This study introduces genital sex differentiation parameters (GSDP) to analyze sexual differences in external genitalia and perineum development in mice, revealing varied sensitivity to androgen inhibition in genital structures.

This review discusses the current limitations in insurance coverage and access to facial masculinization surgery in the US and suggests that expanding insurance policies may help reduce care inequities.

This study concludes that anti-androgenic chemicals causing short anogenital distance in male fetuses also induce a feminized transcriptional profile in the perineum, implicating Wnt and estrogen signaling in the process.

This review examines existing plastic surgery techniques for gender affirmation of the lower extremities, noting a lack of outcomes-based literature needed to establish best practices.

This study in the Arab population of Gaza described pseudohermaphroditism due to 17β-HSD deficiency, where individuals showed marked masculinization after puberty despite inadequate androgen proportions.

This study reported a rare case of ovarian steroid cell tumor removal resulting in normalized hormone levels, resumption of menstruation, and subsequent spontaneous pregnancy in a 31-year-old woman.

This consensus document discusses guidelines for gender-affirming hormone therapy in India, offering recommendations based on a review of existing evidence and expert input, without reporting new clinical results.

This review examines the long-term health risks of anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse in athletes, reporting various physical and psychological side effects without sufficient benefits.

This review explores disorders of sex development, emphasizing the need for a systematic, multidisciplinary approach and the benefits of genetic testing for better diagnosis and gender assignment planning, but it reports no new clinical findings.

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of anabolic-androgenic steroids, reporting that their use enhances muscle mass but is associated with significant health issues including cardiac muscle hypertrophy, liver disease, and changes in gender characteristics, emphasizing the need for patient awareness of these risks.

This literature review of hormonal implants in Brazil highlights their expanding usage beyond contraceptive and hormone replacement purposes, noting aesthetic desires like muscle mass gain. However, significant side effects such as cardiovascular events and psychological complications are frequently reported, potentially outweighing the benefits.

This article discusses the effectiveness of gender transition procedures in alleviating gender dysphoria and the need for better models to understand their mechanisms, but reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses the clinical forms and causes of androgenization in women, as well as therapeutic options, reporting success with antiandrogens like cyproterone acetate and spironolactone for skin symptoms, though results are not permanent.

Masculinization in affected individuals occurs gradually after puberty due to hormone changes.

This review suggests that most mutations in the SRD5A2 gene show no clear genotype-phenotype correlation in 5-α-Reductase deficiency, although mutation location affects severity.

This study found that spironolactone reduced fish fecundity and caused masculinization of females at certain concentrations, while having no effect on Daphnia magna reproduction, underscoring concerns for environmental exposure to vertebrates.

This study found that there is a low prevalence and wide variability in U.S. insurance coverage for ancillary gender surgeries, with specific criteria often required for favorable coverage.

This study found that despite androgen excess and genitourinary masculinization, adult women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia did not exhibit notable prostatic growth.

This study concluded that hormonal replacement therapy can improve skin ageing symptoms by increasing skin thickness and alleviating dryness and hyposeborrhoea in postmenopausal women.

This research identified nonclassic 21-hydroxylase deficiency as the most common genetic autosomal recessive disorder in humans, particularly among certain ethnic groups, and found that treatment effectively reverses symptoms within months.

This study found that prenatal antiandrogen treatment in female spotted hyenas significantly altered the LH response to GnRH, indicating partial masculinization of their anterior pituitary gland without affecting ovulatory function.

This article reviews the use of cross-sex hormonal therapy in transmen and reports that it is reasonably safe, suggesting monitoring should be frequent initially but can be less frequent over time.

This study reports that chemically induced short anogenital distance in male rat fetuses involved distinctive transcriptional changes, suggesting roles for estrogen and Wnt2 signaling in anogenital tissue development.

This review discusses phenotypic differences in testosterone production between mice and humans with HSD17B3 deficiency and reports no new findings; the authors highlight potential pathways and enzymes involved in testosterone synthesis.

This study found that testosterone therapy can enhance sexual satisfaction and mood in surgically menopausal women on oestrogen, though ongoing monitoring and research are needed to assess long-term safety and effects in other groups.

In a retrospective cohort of patients with steroid 5 α-reductase 2 deficiency, this study identified seven novel genetic variants in the SRD5A2 gene, expanding the variant database and contributing to improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for the condition.