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The enzymes 5α-reductase and 3α/β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase help create brain-active substances from progesterone and testosterone, which could be used for treatment, but more research is needed to ensure their safety and effectiveness.

DA-9401 helps protect rat testis from finasteride damage.

Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) may help lighten skin and treat hyperpigmentation.

The document concludes that diagnosing PCOS in teenagers is difficult and should focus on specific hormone levels and menstrual irregularities, while also considering treatment for symptoms and related health issues.

Advancements in male reproductive medicine are ongoing, but more research and improved treatments are needed in several areas.

Women with PCOS have higher levels of a certain growth factor, which can be reduced by taking metformin.

Brazilian propolis was found to speed up hair growth in mice by increasing the growth of skin cells that form hair.

A 5 mg dose of transdermal testosterone cream effectively restores testosterone levels in postmenopausal women.

The document concludes that PK/PD modeling is important for determining the safe and effective dosages of drugs.

Testosterone replacement therapy should be used for men with low testosterone levels and symptoms of hypogonadism, after careful diagnosis and considering individual needs.

The Notch signaling pathway helps in mouse hair development through a noncanonical mechanism that does not rely on RBPj or transcription.

Reducing copper (II) ion levels in hair can decrease hair damage.

Atorvastatin reversed memory problems caused by cancer drug trastuzumab and improved its cancer-fighting abilities without causing hair loss.

Certain extracts from Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. and germacrone can boost the skin's absorption of minoxidil, a hair growth promoter, making it more effective.

Improved tablets lead to faster, better drug absorption for hair loss treatment.

Thuja orientalis and Thuja occidentalis essential oils have medicinal properties useful for developing treatments with antimicrobial and bioactive effects.

An 11-month-old boy with Menkes disease had severe brain shrinkage and abnormal blood vessels, and didn't respond well to treatment.

Centipeda minima extract helps hair grow by activating important growth signals and could be a promising hair loss treatment.

Changing the diagnosis criteria for PCOS might miss women at risk for related health issues.

Applying EGCG on the skin can prevent hair loss caused by testosterone in mice.

The leaf extract of Leea indica may reduce inflammation, dissolve blood clots, and promote hair growth.

Minoxidil inside tiny particles can deliver more drug to hair follicles, potentially improving treatment for hair loss.

The Asian herbal mix with Houttuynia cordata, Perilla frutescens, and green tea helped grow hair in mice.

Compounds from Alpinia zerumbet may help with hair regrowth and cancer treatment by targeting PAK1.

A gene in Sebekia benihana, CYP-sb21, is needed for a specific reaction on the drug Cyclosporine A, which could be important for hair growth without affecting the immune system.

Vitamin D and estrogen may help protect heart and kidney health, and maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels could be especially beneficial for African Americans, postmenopausal women, and people with chronic kidney disease.

Finasteride effectively lowers specific hormone levels, helping monitor treatment progress.

Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-20 may help reduce hair greying and increase melanin production.

The new test can measure very small amounts of testosterone in hair, and grinding the hair up first gives more accurate results.

Testosterone therapy can modestly improve sexual function in menopausal women but should be used cautiously and is not recommended for routine measurement in sexual dysfunction or hirsutism.