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The European Society of Endocrinology advises individualized long-term management for PCOS, focusing on lifestyle changes, accurate diagnosis, and treatments for associated health risks and symptoms.

Turning white fat into brown-like fat could help fight obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Myo-inositol supplements may improve insulin sensitivity and help with conditions like PCOS and gestational diabetes, but more research is needed.

Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

Calreticulin has roles in healing, immune response, and disease beyond its known functions in the endoplasmic reticulum.

The skin has a complex immune system that is essential for protection and healing, requiring more research for better wound treatment.

Stem cell-derived conditioned medium shows promise for treating various medical conditions but requires standardized production and further validation.

Chemicals and body size might change when puberty starts and progresses, but more research is needed to confirm this.

The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.

The skin's layers protect, sense, and regulate the body's internal balance, but can be prone to cancer.

The document concludes that insulin resistance is key in PCOS development and early treatment is crucial to prevent complications.

Insulin resistance is a key factor in polycystic ovary syndrome, but genetics may also contribute.

TGF-β is crucial for tissue repair and can cause diseases if not properly regulated.

Biomaterials with MSC-derived substances could improve tissue repair and have advantages over direct cell therapy.

Metformin helps manage polycystic ovary syndrome by improving insulin resistance and ovulation, but more research is needed on its full effects.

High levels of male hormones, insulin resistance, and obesity are closely linked and worsen polycystic ovary syndrome, but more research is needed to improve treatments.

Lower doses of treatments for hirsutism and acne in PCOS are effective and cause fewer side effects.

Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.

Stem cell niches support, regulate, and coordinate stem cell functions.

Testosterone therapy in transgender men has both desired effects like increased muscle mass and potential health risks such as higher cardiovascular risk.

Keratinocytes help heal skin wounds by interacting with immune cells and producing substances that kill pathogens.

Postpartum depression is linked to changes in brain chemicals, inflammation, stress, and certain genes, and can potentially be identified by markers like specific steroids, serotonin levels, and vitamin D levels.

Eating less sugar, milk, and saturated fats and more vegetables and fish may help treat and prevent acne.

Fat-derived stem cells show promise for skin repair and reducing aging signs but need more research for consistent results.

The conclusion is that PCOS is caused by ovarian sensitivity to hormones and disrupted hormone control, possibly due to ovarian factors, and more research is needed.

Stem cell plasticity is crucial for wound healing but can also contribute to cancer development.

The telogen phase of hair growth is active and important for preparing hair follicles for regeneration, not just a resting stage.

Modern lifestyles, including poor diet, stress, and long-term use of certain medications, hinder the body's ability to heal from inflammation, leading to chronic diseases.

People with PCOS, especially if obese, often have NAFLD, linked to obesity, insulin resistance, and high androgen levels.

Lignans and neolignans from plants may help protect against various health issues, including cancer and heart disease.