26 citations
,
April 2011 in “Skin Research and Technology” This study found that in vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy accurately quantifies neogenic hair follicles in mice, producing results similar to histology while avoiding fixation artifacts.
21 citations
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December 2016 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” This study found that nano-sized lipid particles improved the skin accumulation and retention of dexamethasone compared to a base cream, suggesting potential benefits for inflammatory skin disease treatment.
February 2023 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” In this study, the researchers developed minoxidil cubosomes using nanotechnology, which improved drug penetration in the skin, showed greater hair growth efficacy, and reduced adverse skin reactions compared to traditional minoxidil solutions.
4 citations
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March 2013 in “InTech eBooks” Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) is a useful tool for studying how drugs interact with skin and diagnosing skin disorders, despite some limitations.
5 citations
,
November 2005 This review discusses the applications of confocal laser scanning microscopy in visualizing fluorescent compounds within the skin, noting its potential for tracking drug carriers and enhancing penetration studies, but reports no new results.
2 citations
,
November 2025 in “Pharmaceutics” This study found that a CLSM-based approach could semi-quantitatively assess the transdermal penetration behavior of fluorescent dyes with different lipophilicities, offering a tool for early-stage screening of compound penetration.
In this study, formulations containing 20% zinc oxide nanoparticles demonstrated stability and improved spreadability without penetrating the deepest skin layers, instead accumulating in skin furrows and hair follicles.
1 citations
,
December 2022 in “Pharmaceutics” This study found that finasteride-loaded microemulsions using poloxamer 124 significantly enhanced skin penetration of the drug compared to a standard solution, primarily through targeting hair follicles via the transfollicular pathway, with intercluster, intercellular, and transcellular pathways contributing less.
11 citations
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January 2000 in “Journal of cosmetic science” This study found that hydrolyzed wheat proteins extensively penetrated both untreated and chemically treated hair, primarily occupying areas like the endocuticle and cortex.
July 2023 in “Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology” In this study, reflectance confocal microscopy was used to diagnose periorificial dermatitis, revealing specific skin changes such as hair follicle dilatation, increased vascular density, and inflammation, which help distinguish it from similar conditions.
July 2022 in “Skin research and technology” This report describes common skin CT features of rosacea identified using a reflective confocal microscope, facilitating more objective diagnosis but highlights the need for further clinical exploration.
57 citations
,
December 2012 in “Journal of Biomedical Optics” This review discusses the application of confocal laser scanning microscopy for studying nanoparticle interactions with skin and highlights its potential for broad applications, but reports no new experimental findings.
19 citations
,
August 2018 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” In this study, the researchers found that the picosecond pulsed alexandrite laser (PSAL) may be as effective and safe as the Q-switched alexandrite laser (QSAL) for treating freckles in Chinese patients.
February 2026 in “Journal of drug targeting” This study found that combining laser ablation with nanoparticulate drug formulations effectively enhanced the skin and follicular delivery of hydrophilic drugs like minoxidil and minocycline in preclinical models.
January 2013 in “Российский журнал кожных и венерических болезней” This study found that intradermal injections of group B vitamins and cystin B6 complex improved scalp circulation, supported hair growth, and reduced hair loss in patients with diffuse alopecia.
1 citations
,
July 2014 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This review discusses various topics from the 62nd Annual Montagna Symposium on the Biology of Skin, focusing on the diverse effects of light on skin biology, and reports no new clinical results.
1 citations
,
August 2024 in “Lasers in Surgery and Medicine” This study observed that calcium hydroxylapatite can be successfully incorporated and retained in the dermis for at least six weeks after fractional laser treatment, with new collagen forming around it.
January 2017 in “Lasers in Surgery and Medicine” This article introduces a special issue of "Lasers in Surgery and Medicine" focused on dermatology and plastic surgery, but it presents no new research findings.
9 citations
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May 2019 in “Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii” This study demonstrated a method for delivering a photosensitizer, Ammi majus fructuum furocumarines, into hair follicles using calcium carbonate particles, followed by UVA irradiation, which led to significant pigment accumulation, indicating potential improvements for photochemical therapy.
73 citations
,
March 2009 in “Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery” This article reviews various diagnostic tools for hair disorders, describing methods ranging from invasive to noninvasive, but reports no new research findings or clinical results.
20 citations
,
September 2018 in “Journal of colloid and interface science” This study found that keratin derivatives with functionalized thiol groups improved binding to both natural and bleached hair fibers, suggesting a promising strategy for enhancing keratin's durability in hair repair.
2 citations
,
December 2015 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” This study found that low frequency sonophoresis may reduce percutaneous absorption of sodium fluorescein-loaded liposomes by partially blocking follicular pathways in the skin.
1 citations
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August 2017 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Sodium hypochlorite can effectively prevent and remove Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in atopic dermatitis at high enough concentrations.
August 2024 in “Dermatological Reviews” This review discusses how emerging technologies in dermatology are enhancing the ability to diagnose and treat hair and nail disorders more accurately and effectively, highlighting advancements in both diagnostic techniques and therapeutic methods such as AI-driven technologies that personalize patient care and improve outcomes.
54 citations
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October 2002 in “Journal of controlled release” This study found that increasing a drug's lipophilicity and adding ethanol to the donor phase can enhance its delivery to the hair follicle, although the precise transport mechanism remains unclear.
44 citations
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April 2003 in “European journal of pharmaceutical sciences” This study found that targeting the hair follicle can be increased by using lipophilic drugs combined with surfactant solutions and propylene glycol.
36 citations
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July 2004 in “Journal of Controlled Release” This study demonstrates that confocal laser scanning microscopy can effectively visualize the rapid diffusion and penetration pathway of a dye into the hair follicle in fresh human scalp skin.
18 citations
,
October 2016 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics” In this study, FITC-labeled BSA nanocarriers delivered a model drug deeper into porcine ear skin hair follicles than the carriers themselves, as shown by confocal microscopy.
4 citations
,
July 2023 in “Pharmaceutics (Basel)” This study reviews various skin models and methodologies used to assess the follicular penetration of nanoparticle-based drugs, highlighting inconsistencies that complicate comparisons and aims to establish more uniform protocols for clearer study outcomes.
211 citations
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February 2009 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” This review summarizes recent advancements in follicular targeting for drug delivery via hair follicles and calls for pilot studies in humans to explore potential clinical applications.