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Glossary Keratin 85

protein crucial for hair structure and strength

Keratin 85, also known as KRT85, is a type of protein found in hair follicles. It plays a crucial role in the structure and strength of hair, contributing to its resilience and elasticity. Mutations in the KRT85 gene can lead to hair disorders, such as monilethrix, which is characterized by beaded or fragile hair.

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research Dynamics of Merkel Cell Patterns in Developing Hair Follicles in the Dorsal Skin of Mice, Demonstrated by a Monoclonal Antibody to Mouse Keratin 8

64 citations , January 1995 in “Cells Tissues Organs”

This study found that the development and differentiation of Merkel cells in C57BL mouse embryos' dorsolateral skin are linked to tylotrich follicle formation rather than to neural influences.

research Mutations in the Keratin 85 (KRT85/hHb5) Gene Underlie Pure Hair and Nail Ectodermal Dysplasia

42 citations , October 2009 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

In this study, researchers identified two distinct homozygous mutations in the KRT85 gene among consanguineous Pakistani families with pure hair and nail ectodermal dysplasia, highlighting variations in severity and potential impacts on the K85 protein function.

research Immunohistochemical demonstration of keratins 8 and 14 in benign tumours of the skin appendage

38 citations , November 1991 in “Archiv für Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für Klinische Medicin”

Keratins 8 and 14 can help identify and diagnose benign skin tumors.

research Structural behavior of keratin-associated protein 8.1 in human hair as revealed by a monoclonal antibody

3 citations , August 2018 in “Journal of Structural Biology”

KAP8.1 protein is crucial for hair structure and interacts with keratin 85.

Ectopic Expression of a Truncated Isoform of Hair Keratin 81 in Breast Cancer Alters Biophysical Characteristics to Promote Metastatic Propensity

research Ectopic Expression of a Truncated Isoform of Hair Keratin 81 in Breast Cancer Alters Biophysical Characteristics to Promote Metastatic Propensity

November 2023 in “Advanced Science”

A specific hair protein variant increases the spread of breast cancer and is linked to worse survival rates.

Effect of the Polymorphisms of Keratin Associated Protein 8.2 Gene on Fiber Traits in Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goats

research Effect of the Polymorphisms of Keratin Associated Protein 8.2 Gene on Fibre Traits in Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goats

20 citations , May 2007 in “Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences”

This study found that polymorphisms in the KAP8.2 gene in Chinese Inner Mongolia cashmere goats are associated with variations in cashmere fibre diameter, suggesting its potential as a molecular marker for this trait.

research Study on kerantin association protein 8.1 gene expression of Liaoning cashere goats in skin and hair follicle

January 2014 in “China Feed”

This study found that a higher relative expression of the keratin associated protein 8.1 gene in Liaoning cashmere goats' skin and hair follicles was associated with thinner cashmere fiber.

research Study on Differential Expression of Keratin Associated Protein 8-1 Gene of Different Varieties of Ovis aries in Skin and Hair Follicle

January 2014 in “China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine”

In this study, researchers observed that the KAP8-1 gene influences skin and hair follicle development and wool quality with varying expression levels in different Ovis aries crossbred varieties.

research Alterations in the expression of specific epidermal keratin markers in the hairless mouse by the topical application of the tumor promoters 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate

12 citations , January 1987 in “Carcinogenesis”

This study found that a single application of TCDD on the skin of hairless mice altered epidermal differentiation, changing keratin expression patterns similarly to a known tumor promoter.

research The Hairless Phenotype of the Hirosaki Hairless Rat Is Due to the Deletion of an 80-kb Genomic DNA Containing Five Basic Keratin Genes

35 citations , April 2008 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry”

This study found that the lack of expression and deletion of specific hair keratin genes on chromosome 7q36 in Hirosaki hairless rats suggests the crucial role of these genes in hair growth.

research 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) Affects Keratin 1 and Keratin 17 Gene Expression and Differentially Induces Keratinization in Hairless Mouse Skin

45 citations , March 1997 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

TCDD changes skin gene expression and may harm skin health.

research Epidermal abnormalities and increased malignancy of skin tumors in human epidermal keratin 8‐expressing transgenic mice

49 citations , August 2004 in “The FASEB Journal”

This study found that transgenic mice expressing human keratin K8 in the epidermis showed increased progression of skin lesions toward malignancy, suggesting a role for K8 in the development of invasive skin cancer.

research Molecular evolution of the keratin associated protein gene family in mammals, role in the evolution of mammalian hair (vol 8, pg 241, 2008)

January 2009

research [An immunohistochemical study on the normal human anagen hair and hair follicle using anti-hair keratin monoclonal antibodies (HKN-5, HKN-6, HKN-7 and HKN-8)].

October 1985 in “PubMed”

research Keratin expression in basal cell carcinomas

128 citations , February 1992 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

The researchers reported that basal cell carcinoma tumor cells strongly express keratins typical of basal keratinocytes and some hair follicle components but lack differentiation markers, suggesting a follicular or pluripotent stem cell origin.

research Keratins and skin disease

69 citations , January 2015 in “Cell & tissue research/Cell and tissue research”

Keratin mutations cause skin diseases and could lead to new treatments.

research Directed Expression of a Chimeric Type II Keratin Partially Rescues Keratin 5-null Mice

15 citations , May 2014 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry”

In this study, targeting the expression of a keratin KRT5/KRT8 chimeric cDNA in keratin-deficient mice partially restored structural defects in epidermal cells, but did not fully normalize skin health.

research Characterization of the Human Hair Shaft Cuticle–Specific Keratin-Associated Protein 10 Family

11 citations , May 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

KRTAP10 proteins help form the hair shaft's tough outer layer by interacting with specific hair keratins.

iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomics Revealing the Therapeutic Mechanism of a Medicinal and Edible Formula YH0618 in Reducing Doxorubicin-Induced Alopecia by Targeting Keratins and TGF-β/Smad3 Pathway

research iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics revealing the therapeutic mechanism of a medicinal and edible formula YH0618 in reducing doxorubicin-induced alopecia by targeting keratins and TGF-β/Smad3 pathway

June 2024 in “Heliyon”

This animal study found that YH0618 may alleviate doxorubicin-induced alopecia and affects proteins like keratin and Smad3, suggesting potential therapeutic targets. The researchers analyzed protein expression changes to understand YH0618's effects in treating chemotherapy-related hair loss.

research 583 Promoting hair growth and hair keratin production with a propolis extract

July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Propolis extract can promote hair growth and increase keratin production.

research Polymorphisms in the Human High Sulfur Hair Keratin-associated Protein 1, KAP1, Gene Family

48 citations , November 2002 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

In this study, researchers found that size polymorphisms in certain hKAP1 genes are linked to the hKAP1.1B and hKAP1.3 genes, arising from intragenic deletions and duplications in Japanese and Caucasian populations.

research Monilethrix in monozygotic twins with very rare mutation in KRT 86 gene

6 citations , March 2017 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

This article reviews genetic mutations linked to monilethrix, a hereditary hair disorder, and reports no new clinical findings on the condition's variability in symptoms and severity.

research 895 Isoproterenol directs human hair follicle-associated pluripotent (hHAP) stem cells to differentiate to cardiac muscle cells

April 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

According to this study, human scalp hair follicles containing pluripotent stem cells demonstrated the ability to differentiate into cardiac muscle cells and other cell types, suggesting potential applications in heart and nerve regeneration.

research 840 Early and late matrix progenitors form the terminally differentiated cell layers of the hair follicle

April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study found that hair follicle matrix progenitors differentiate into various layers asynchronously, with early progenitors forming the companion layer and later progenitors generating the inner root sheath and hair shaft.

research 839 Spatiotemporal antagonism in mesenchymal-epithelial Signaling in sweat versus hair fate decision

April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study identified that in mice, sweat gland development is directed by mesenchymal signals that suppress SHH-production, while in humans, this occurs through a BMP spike in embryonic development.

research 837 From genotoxic stresses to skin damage: Distinct, novel mechanisms of skin and hair damage in chemo/radiation therapy

April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study found that down-regulation of sonic hedgehog gene expression is a critical early event in chemotherapy-induced tissue damage in hair and feather follicles.

Chromatin Architectural Protein CTCF Controls Epidermal Barrier Formation, Hair Follicle Fate Maintenance, and Suppresses Inflammatory Responses in the Skin Epithelium

research 874 Chromatin architectural protein CTCF controls epidermal barrier formation, hair follicle fate maintenance and suppresses inflammatory responses in the skin epithelium

April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

In this study, CTCF was found to play essential roles in epidermal differentiation and skin barrier formation, simultaneously acting as a suppressor of epithelial inflammatory responses in mouse skin.

research Nestin expression in hair follicle sheath progenitor cells

352 citations , August 2003 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences”

In this study, nestin-expressing cells in the hair follicle bulge, marked by GFP in transgenic mice, were identified as progenitors of the hair follicle outer-root sheath.

research EctopicAtoh1expression drives Merkel cell production in embryonic, postnatal and adult epidermis

41 citations , January 2015 in “Development”

This study found that inducing Atoh1 expression in transgenic mice is sufficient to generate new Merkel cells in the epidermis, with variations by skin location, developmental age, and hair cycle stage.

research Mutations in AEC syndrome skin reveal a role for p63 in basement membrane adhesion, skin barrier integrity and hair follicle biology

33 citations , February 2012 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

This study found significant changes in gene expression related to skin structure and signaling pathways in AEC syndrome skin, offering new insights into the syndrome's molecular underpinnings.