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This review summarizes the cell type distribution and functional significance of human keratins, emphasizing their roles in tumor diagnosis and potential clinical applications, and reports no new clinical findings.

Keratin filaments are crucial for cell structure and protection, with ongoing discoveries about their genes and functions.

CD34 is a marker for isolating stem-like cells in mouse hair follicles.

This review discusses the history and development of keratin biomaterials for biomedical uses, highlighting their biological activity and biocompatibility, and provides no new research findings.

This study demonstrated that keratin is widely present in various epithelial cells, providing structural strength and potential insights into the origin of cell lines.

This study found that keratin 19 may be a marker for skin stem cells, helping to characterize these cells in different conditions and potentially explaining variations in healing rates between children and adults.

This review discusses the role of keratins in epithelial cell stress protection and cancer, highlighting their potential as multifunctional regulators and diagnostic markers, without presenting new research findings.

This study demonstrated that ND-GFP stem cells from the hair-follicle bulge area can differentiate into various cell types, including neurons, suggesting their potential as a source for therapeutic applications.

The K15 promoter effectively targets stem cells in the hair follicle bulge.

This study found that ectopic expression of the lymphoid-enhancer factor can induce K17 protein in the skin, suggesting a link between skin development and wound repair processes in mice.

This study found that a biomaterial gel made from human hair keratins facilitated nerve regeneration in an animal model, potentially matching the effectiveness of traditional autografts.

In this review, the authors summarize classical and recent insights into the biology and treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids, concluding that while understanding and strategies have advanced, effective prevention and treatments remain unsatisfactory.

This study observed that the expression of certain keratins during human epidermal development marks the tissue's commitment to stratification and keratinization processes.

This study found that the cytokeratin patterns in skin epithelia can distinguish between different types, with basal-cell epitheliomas showing a striking similarity to the pilosebaceous tract.

More research is needed to understand how hair keratins work and their role in hair disorders.

This study cataloged human type II hair keratins, detailing their expression and differentiation roles in hair follicles and comparing them with type I keratins to explore keratin-pairing principles.

Keratinocyte growth factor significantly alters skin and tissue development.

This study establishes a catalog of human type I hair keratins and identifies their specific roles and expression patterns during hair differentiation and growth in scalp follicles.

Stem cells are in deep skin layers, while differentiating cells are in shallow layers.

This article integrates existing literature on hair follicle structure and formation at the cellular and molecular level, reporting no new findings.

This study found that EGFR signaling modulates GLI target gene expression, potentially influencing outer root sheath cell specification and hair growth, and may have implications for cancer.

Keratin-associated proteins are crucial for hair strength and structure.

This study found that recombinant keratinocyte growth factor (rKGF) stimulated hair growth and provided a protective effect against alopecia in murine models, suggesting its role in hair follicle development and regeneration.

This study found that the tetracycline-regulated transcription system effectively controls conditional gene expression in the mouse epidermis, allowing suppression and activation of specific genes with doxycycline.

Keratins are crucial for cell structure, growth, and disease risk.

This study found that keratin 15 expression is downregulated in hyperproliferative conditions like psoriasis and hypertrophic scars, suggesting it is not compatible with keratinocyte activation.

This study reported that K14 expression patterns and keratin filament organization in human skin's hair follicles differ from those in the epidermis, indicating distinct differentiation programs.

This study found that SZ95 sebocytes and HaCaT keratinocytes exhibit distinct enzyme expressions and activities, implicating their different roles in androgen metabolism and homeostasis in vitro.

In a mouse model, this study demonstrated that a microneedle patch system using keratin and integrated with MSC-derived exosomes and UK5099 promoted hair regrowth more efficiently than traditional delivery methods.