3 citations
,
July 2009 in “Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes” In this study, Buserelin nasal spray significantly reduced hirsutism scores and suppressed ovarian steroid secretion in women with non-adrenal hirsutism over six months, with effects lasting post-treatment.
78 citations
,
January 2000 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” This study found that the progestins norgestimate and dienogest may help treat clinical hyperandrogeny in women by inhibiting skin 5 alpha-reductase activity with minimal androgenic potential.
4 citations
,
December 1994 in “PubMed” This study found that treatment with cyproterone acetate and estradiol improved emotional well-being and acceptance of being viewed among women with hirsutism, with no significant differences between oral and transdermal estradiol groups.
9 citations
,
December 2009 in “Cancer Research” This study concluded that both vaginal TEST and Estring may be effective for treating vaginal dryness in breast cancer patients on aromatase inhibitors, with adverse events being rare and manageable.
18 citations
,
September 1979 in “DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift” In this study, Diane was reported to effectively treat acne, seborrhoea, androgenic alopecia, and mild hirsutism in hirsute women, with its effectiveness influenced by the severity and duration of the condition.
August 2019 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Ginseng and Albizia extracts help prevent hair thinning with age.
January 2017 in “프로그램북(구 초록집)” 88 citations
,
September 2003 in “Clinical endocrinology” This review discusses the diagnosis, management, and hormone treatment of transsexual individuals, and examines the risks and effects of cross-sex hormone therapy without presenting new clinical results.
10 citations
,
January 2015 in “Przeglad Menopauzalny” This review discusses the effects and selection criteria of different progestogens in various treatments but reports no direct clinical comparisons of their metabolic effects.
49 citations
,
June 1998 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” In this study, both cyproterone acetate-estrogen combination (Diane®) and finasteride were effective in reducing hirsutism, but Diane® showed greater long-term efficacy and cost-effectiveness.
104 citations
,
January 2005 in “Climacteric” This review discusses the pharmacological properties of progestins used in contraception and hormone replacement therapy, focusing on drospirenone's unique effects, but reports no new experimental findings.
7 citations
,
September 2017 in “Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety” This study observed a strong overall reduction in the use of CPA/EE in the Netherlands, despite similar proportions of users with acne or other hyperandrogenic conditions before and after the referral procedure.
February 2026 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This study found that intradermal polynucleotide injections were linked to improvements in the appearance around the eyes and increased patient satisfaction, with minimal adverse effects, suggesting potential for further research to validate efficacy and optimize treatment protocols.
49 citations
,
October 1988 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” This study found that low doses of leuprolide effectively suppressed serum estradiol and LH response, while higher doses were needed to suppress testosterone and reduce hair growth in hirsute women.
33 citations
,
November 2019 in “Journal of Controlled Release” In this study, researchers developed a new self-administered finasteride delivery system using powder-carrying microneedles that improved hair growth efficacy and addressed safety concerns compared to topical finasteride gel by allowing sustained intradermal release of the drug for three days with a single application.
58 citations
,
February 2018 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” This review explores how estrogens influence skin health and attractiveness in women, particularly with aging, but it reports no new clinical findings.
187 citations
,
December 2005 in “Experimental Dermatology” This article discusses the role of estrogens in skin aging and reports no new findings; it highlights the potential of selective ER modulators to improve skin health without systemic side effects.
7 citations
,
September 1988 in “Baillière's clinical obstetrics and gynaecology” This article discusses the mechanisms of hirsutism and acne in women, highlighting cyproterone acetate with ethinyloestradiol as an effective anti-androgen therapy in the UK, but it reports no new clinical findings.
January 2011 in “Zhongguo shiyong fuke yu chanke zazhi” This study concludes that hormone therapy can significantly improve skin hydration, elasticity, thickness, and reduce wrinkles by modulating various skin cells through estrogen receptors.
7 citations
,
May 1983 in “Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde” This study concluded that intramuscular administration of medium-dose cyproterone acetate with oral ethinylestradiol is highly effective in managing hirsutism, showing better response rates than high-dose oral treatment.
41 citations
,
November 2003 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” This article discusses the complexities of androgen and antiandrogen therapies in women, detailing diagnostic measures, the effects on libido, and the potential benefits of new progestins with antiandrogenic properties, but presents no new empirical findings.
11 citations
,
May 2022 in “World Journal of Biological Chemistry” This review discusses potential benefits of adding bioidentical progesterone to gender-affirming treatment for trans women and reports no new clinical results; it calls for further research to confirm efficacy and safety.
138 citations
,
May 2000 in “Maturitas” This review discusses the effects of estrogen on skin and reports no new clinical results; it highlights estrogen's potential benefits on skin thickness, collagen quality, and hair follicle life cycle.
3 citations
,
July 2022 in “BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology” This study reports that among young women, combined oral contraceptives containing chlormadinone, among others, are associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism compared to those containing levonorgestrel with low ethinylestradiol.
15 citations
,
January 2002 in “Gynecological endocrinology” This review discusses the extragenital effects of ovarian steroids, particularly focusing on aesthetic endocrinology, which suggests estrogens may slow skin aging post-menopause, though hair loss treatment efficacy is mainly confirmed for minoxidil.
8 citations
,
November 1978 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” In this study, cyproterone acetate was found to be effective in treating 'idiopathic' hirsutism, while a combination of ethinyloestradiol and lynoestrenol reduced hair growth in fewer patients despite uniformly lowering testosterone levels.
48 citations
,
January 2005 in “Treatments in Endocrinology”
February 2024 in “Hormones” This study surveyed individuals seeking estrogen-based gender-affirming hormone therapy, revealing that improving life satisfaction and femininity are top treatment goals, and highlighting the need for trials aligned with community priorities.
22 citations
,
January 2001 in “Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin” This study found that two new progesterone derivatives showed higher antiandrogenic effects and 5α-reductase inhibition than finasteride in hamsters, particularly reducing seminal vesicle weight and flank organ size.
November 2024 in “International Journal of Scientific Reports” This meta-analysis found that while both Dienogest and GnRH analogues effectively managed endometriosis-related pain, Dienogest reduced recurrence rates and hot flushes but increased irregular bleeding, making it a safer option due to fewer side effects.