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Improving artificial vascular grafts requires better materials and surface designs to reduce blood clotting and support blood vessel cell growth.

The skin has a complex immune system that is essential for protection and healing, requiring more research for better wound treatment.

The document concludes that the understanding of scar formation is incomplete and current prevention and treatment for hypertrophic scars and keloids are not fully effective.

Human skin makes sexual hormones that affect hair growth, skin health, and healing; too much can cause acne and hair loss, while treatments can manage these conditions.

Lecithin organogels could be good for applying drugs to the skin because they are stable, safe, and can improve drug absorption.

Opioid painkillers can cause many side effects, including breathing problems and addiction, but are generally considered safe when used properly.

Vitamin D and its receptor regulate skin functions like cell growth, immunity, hair cycle, and tumor prevention.

Tight junctions are key for skin protection and controlling what gets absorbed or passes through the skin.

Methotrexate treats various disorders by inhibiting DNA synthesis, but careful monitoring is needed to avoid toxicity and manage side effects.

Male and female skin differ due to hormones, affecting conditions like hair loss, acne, and skin cancer, and suggesting a need for gender-specific treatments.

Pig skin is a good substitute for human skin to measure drug absorption, but differences in skin structure and enzymes across species must be considered.

Dextran sulfate was found to be toxic and ineffective for treating HIV.

Taxane chemotherapy can cause skin, hair, and nail side effects, which are often under-reported and can affect patient quality of life.

Microneedles improve drug delivery in various body parts, are safe and painless, and show promise in cosmetology, vaccination, insulin delivery, and other medical applications.

Fat-derived stem cells show promise for skin repair and reducing aging signs but need more research for consistent results.

Nanoparticles can improve skin drug delivery but have challenges like toxicity and stability that need more research.

The skin's internal clock affects healing, cancer risk, aging, immunity, and hair growth, and disruptions can harm skin health.

Children with atopic dermatitis often have sleep problems, affecting their growth and behavior.

Fullerenes show potential in skin care but need more safety research.

A very low-calorie ketogenic diet is effective for quick weight loss and improving health in obese patients, with careful management of side effects and maintenance.

Nanoparticles can improve skin treatments by better targeting hair follicles, but more research is needed for advancement.

Mannosylerythritol lipids are good for skin and hair care products.

Inherited ichthyoses cause widespread skin scaling and thickening due to gene mutations.

Environmental factors, hormones, nutrition, and stress all significantly affect skin health and aging.

Platelet-rich plasma may help in skin and hair treatments, and with muscle and joint healing, but more research is needed to fully understand its benefits and limitations.

Niosomes are promising for skin drug delivery, offering benefits like improved drug penetration and stability.

Women with PCOS have fewer activated T cells in their ovarian follicles, which might affect fertility.

People with diabetes or obesity should manage their conditions carefully as they have a higher risk of severe COVID-19.

Oestrogens help maintain healthy skin, heal wounds, and may protect against skin aging and cancer.

Advanced nanocarrier and microneedle drug delivery methods are more effective, safer, and less invasive for treating skin diseases.