42 citations
,
September 2007 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” This study found that women with PCOS who have an exaggerated 17-hydroxyprogesterone response to buserelin exhibit more severe hyperandrogenemia, increased insulin secretion, and reduced insulin sensitivity.
36 citations
,
May 2011 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Treatment with a hormone agonist can reduce excess male hormones in postmenopausal women without surgery.
2 citations
,
December 1994 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” This study concluded that a regimen of transdermal estradiol and oral medroxyprogesterone acetate effectively reduces hirsutism while minimizing side effects in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
January 2026 in “International Journal of Women s Health” This study found that a nomogram prediction model based on clinical characteristics, bone metabolism, and ovarian function can effectively predict the treatment response to long-acting GnRHa in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty.
96 citations
,
October 1987 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” This study found that long-term GnRH agonist administration in premenopausal women with polycystic ovarian disease resulted in persistent suppression of ovarian steroid secretion, while adrenal steroid levels remained unchanged.
82 citations
,
February 1989 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” This study found that in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia, a 3-month treatment with a long-acting GnRH agonist significantly reduced intraprostatic DHT and 3α-diol levels by about 90% and testosterone by about 75%.
77 citations
,
October 1986 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” This study found that nafarelin treatment significantly reduced androgen levels and improved hirsutism symptoms in women, suggesting it may be useful for managing this condition.
62 citations
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December 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” This study found that combining a GnRH agonist with a low-dose oral contraceptive was more effective in treating hirsutism than either agent alone and prevented hypoestrogenic side effects.
49 citations
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April 1997 in “Human reproduction” This study found that both a high dose of CPA and GnRHa are effective for treating hirsutism in hyperandrogenic women, but GnRHa with add-back therapy may lead to a longer remission period.
24 citations
,
October 1995 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” This study found that the LH response to nafarelin effectively distinguished gonadotropin deficiency from constitutional delay of puberty, performing comparably to the sleep test and offering certain advantages.
19 citations
,
June 1997 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” This case study details a 57-year-old woman with symptoms of androgen excess, including rapid hair growth and temporal balding, alongside abnormal testosterone levels and a history of chronic renal failure.
19 citations
,
March 1994 in “Fertility and sterility” This study found that treatment with a GnRH agonist and estrogen and progestin replacement significantly improved hirsutism scores and hair growth rates in women with polycystic ovarian disease.
10 citations
,
January 2000 in “PubMed” This study found that GnRH agonist treatment improved hirsutism scores more than finasteride after six months in women with idiopathic hirsutism, with both treatments causing no menstrual abnormalities or side-effects.
February 2026 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” In this case report, goserelin, a GnRH agonist, was effective in managing stuttering priapism and improving erectile function in a patient with sickle cell disease, suggesting potential for last-line treatment.
November 2024 in “International Journal of Scientific Reports” This meta-analysis found that while both Dienogest and GnRH analogues effectively managed endometriosis-related pain, Dienogest reduced recurrence rates and hot flushes but increased irregular bleeding, making it a safer option due to fewer side effects.
4 citations
,
November 2018 in “Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Case Reports” This report describes two cases of postmenopausal hyperandrogenism where GnRH analogue use suggested an ovarian source of excess androgens, leading to a diagnosis of benign ovarian tumors.
4 citations
,
January 1991 in “Journal of dermatological treatment” This study found that GnRH-A treatment significantly reduced hirsuties scores in women with mild idiopathic hirsuties but did not affect hair growth rate or diameter.
July 2023 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” In this study of a postmenopausal woman with hyperandrogenism, GnRH agonist treatment significantly reduced testosterone levels, suggesting the androgen excess was ovarian in origin and indicating the potential of using GnRH agonists as a conservative treatment option when surgery is not feasible.
49 citations
,
October 1988 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” This study found that low doses of leuprolide effectively suppressed serum estradiol and LH response, while higher doses were needed to suppress testosterone and reduce hair growth in hirsute women.
October 2023 in “Indian Journal of Ophthalmology - Case Reports” This report details the clinical presentation of an 18-year-old female with Kallmann syndrome, noting her ocular issues and differences in sexual development. The researchers treated her eye conditions cosmetically with superficial keratectomy and amniotic membrane graft, followed by corneal tattooing and strabismus correction.
24 citations
,
January 2013 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology” This review examines hormonal influences on acne development and available hormonal therapies but reports no new clinical results.
May 2026 in “Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics” In this study, researchers developed and tested a novel peptide, AMHR2BP, which mimics the function of Anti-Müllerian hormone to protect ovarian follicles in mice, showing promise for preserving ovarian health during chemotherapy without causing toxicity.
70 citations
,
March 2016 in “Urologic Clinics of North America” This article reviews the coordination of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, male fertility, and therapies for hypogonadism, but reports no new clinical findings.
19 citations
,
January 1997 in “Dermatologic Clinics” This chapter reviews various antiandrogens and androgen inhibitors, detailing their mechanisms, uses, and side effects, with a focus on spironolactone, finasteride, dutasteride, and oral contraceptives.
8 citations
,
February 2021 in “Journal of the American Heart Association” This study observed that medical castration for prostate cancer prolongs the QT/QTc intervals, potentially leading to serious arrhythmias like torsade de pointes and ventricular fibrillation, even in patients without prior QT prolongation risk.
2170 citations
,
September 2017 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” This updated guideline from the Endocrine Society highlights the importance of endocrinologists in providing safe and effective hormone regimens for gender-affirming care, especially for adolescents who have entered puberty.
116 citations
,
December 2013 in “The Journal of Pediatrics” This study reported that treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs and cross-sex hormones appears appropriate for carefully selected youth with gender dysphoria, but long-term safety needs further investigation.
71 citations
,
August 2019 in “The journal of sexual medicine” In this study, transgender adolescents treated with testosterone for a median of 12 months experienced effective virilization, including voice deepening and increased hair growth, but also showed decreased HDL cholesterol and BMD z-scores, and increased hematocrit, with no short-term safety issues reported.
46 citations
,
September 2016 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” This article reviews the hormonal pathogenesis and treatment strategies for acne vulgaris, particularly in women with severe or treatment-resistant cases, associating it with hormonal imbalances and hyperandrogenism.
24 citations
,
January 2010 in “Annales d'endocrinologie” This review discusses treatment options for hirsutism in women of childbearing age, focusing on the use of contraceptives, CPA, spironolactone, and third-line therapies, and reports no clinical results.