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This review discusses recent advances in understanding gender differences in skin and their implications for dermatologic diseases, but it reports no new experimental results; ongoing research is necessary for translating these insights into clinical practice.

Humans lost body hair relatively recently in evolution.

This article compares two rare genetic diseases, vitamin D-dependent rickets type 1 and type 2, focusing on their similar presentations of hypocalcemia and rickets in infancy, but reports no new clinical results.

In this study, patients with generalized pustular psoriasis were classified into subgroups to better understand the disease's variability and assist in treatment selection, highlighting the role of localized infections in triggering flares.

This study identified four genetic loci on chromosomes 6, 10, 16, and 18 that may contribute to susceptibility for alopecia areata and suggested shared genetic factors with psoriasis.

This case report describes a patient with mutations in both alleles of the vitamin D receptor who exhibited hair loss clinically indistinguishable from generalized atrichia with papules, suggesting a potential genetic pathway shared with the hairless gene.

In this study, researchers used genetic data from over 52,000 men to identify over 250 genetic loci associated with severe hair loss and developed a predictive algorithm for determining hair loss risk.

This study identified gene expression patterns in a mouse model that may influence tumor susceptibility and tissue functions related to inflammation and cell proliferation, highlighting Lgr5 and the vitamin D receptor as key regulators.

This study found that forehead feminization significantly contributes to recognizing female gender and reported that feminizing forehead cranioplasty is a safe procedure with a low complication rate.

This study found that delivering math1 via an adenovector led to vestibular hair cell regeneration and improved balance function in ototoxin-treated adult mice.

This study found that overexpression of the enzyme spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase in mice was associated with increased fat oxidation and a leaner phenotype, while knock-out mice exhibited increased fat accumulation.

This article outlines best practices from the World Professional Association for Transgender Health's standards to guide health care professionals in providing comprehensive care for transgender individuals, addressing mental health, endocrinology, and surgery.

Different keratin proteins are expressed in various epithelial cells at different stages, affecting cell structure and function.

This review discusses sex-based differences in immune responses, focusing on genetic, hormonal, and microbiome factors influencing infections like COVID-19, and reports no clinical results.

This study found that while the KRTAP gene family is unique to mammals, humans have a similar number of these hair gene types as other primates despite having less body hair.

This study identified significant genetic associations with frontal fibrosing alopecia at four genomic loci, suggesting it is a genetically predisposed immuno-inflammatory disorder influenced by the HLA-B*07: 02 allele.

Alopecia areata is caused by an immune response, and targeting immune cells might help treat it.

This study found that feather patterning is primarily self-organizing and dynamic, relying on both genetic and epigenetic controls, with implications for similar processes like fingerprints and pigmentation.

This article reviews the similarities in early development processes of hair follicles, teeth, and mammary glands and reports no new experimental findings.

In this study, disrupting the epidermal growth factor receptor in mice led to abnormal hair and skin development, characterized by disorganized hair follicles and systemic disease, providing a model for understanding EGFR's role in skin biology.

This study found that skin-derived precursor cells in mice can originate from both neural crest and somite lineages but show functional similarities regardless of their developmental origins.

This study identified specific gene expression profiles during the intestinal regeneration of sea cucumbers, highlighting potential novel genes and advancing the understanding of regenerative biology in echinoderms.

In this study, sequences upstream of the TGM3 gene were found to regulate epithelial-specific gene expression in keratinocytes, suggesting potential applications in gene therapy.

In this study, researchers developed a method to differentiate human iPSCs into cells that can generate all lineages of hair follicles, potentially aiding treatments for hair loss and skin disorders.

This review explains the genetic diversity of sheep wool keratin-associated protein genes and explores how this variation might be leveraged for selective breeding to enhance wool fiber traits.

This study identified a cluster of genes on chromosome 17 related to hair keratin-associated proteins, including 37 genes forming seven multigene families, localized in the hair shaft's upper cortex.

This study found that conserved DNA motifs and expression patterns in keratin genes suggest functional regulatory similarities in hair follicle differentiation across different mammalian species.

This study in the Arab population of Gaza described pseudohermaphroditism due to 17β-HSD deficiency, where individuals showed marked masculinization after puberty despite inadequate androgen proportions.

This study found that mice with a mutant CDP/Cux protein lacking the homeodomain showed severely impaired growth, high postnatal mortality, and reduced fertility, highlighting CDP/Cux's role in developmental regulation.