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Testosterone replacement therapy can prevent men from fathering children and should not be used by those wanting to stay fertile.

Healthcare providers should start with simple fertility tests and treatments before referring patients to specialists.

Products should be called 'sperm-safe' only after thorough, well-designed tests.

Hormone imbalances from the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands can cause infertility, but treating these disorders can improve fertility.

A man with testotoxicosis was fertile despite low FSH levels, suggesting high testosterone may allow sperm production without FSH.

Testosterone therapy seems safe and effective for transgender men with proper care, but more long-term research is needed.

Male genital development is driven by androgen signaling and understanding it could help address congenital anomalies.

Lack or blocking of SRD5a, a key component in hormone creation, can lead to conditions like pseudohermaphrodism and affect hair growth, bone mass, muscle strength, and reproductive health. More research is needed on its regulation from fertilization to adulthood.

Most women with PCOS have high levels of male hormones, and free testosterone is the best marker for this.

Longer CAG repeat lengths in the androgen receptor gene are linked to higher testosterone levels in women with PCOS.

The April 2014 issue of "Fertility and Sterility" discussed various reproductive health topics, including hormone therapy benefits, sperm and genetic factors in male infertility, and the link between PCOS and diabetes.

Free fatty acids may increase androgen production, potentially contributing to polycystic ovary syndrome.

Testosterone therapy seems safe for postmenopausal women for a few years, but more research is needed for long-term effects.

Women with PCOS and higher BMI, especially those with morbid obesity, are at greater risk for depression.

African American women have a higher risk of preterm delivery than Caucasian women, and inflammatory stimuli affect gene expression in cells related to PCOS, showing a heightened inflammatory state in women with PCOS.

High levels of fatty acids are linked to increased androgen production and inflammation in women with PCOS, which may affect IVF outcomes.

The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.

Patients with PCOS tend to score their hirsutism higher than clinicians, making self-scoring less useful for diagnosis.

Clinical signs of excess male hormones and actual hormone levels in the blood do not always match in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

High levels of testosterone and anti-Müllerian hormone before pregnancy are linked to a higher risk of newborns needing intensive care.

The new rodent model successfully mimics non-lean human PCOS symptoms.

Amenorrhea is relatively rare and initial testing should check FSH, TSH, and prolactin levels.

Siblings with signs of virilization should be tested for non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia, which does not affect adult height but may impact fertility and well-being if untreated.

Finasteride significantly reduces fertility in male rats.

Androgens are important for female fertility and could help in IVF treatment, but also play a role in causing PCOS.

Finasteride reduces sperm count and quality and alters hormone levels in mice.

Nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a genetic disorder causing hormone imbalances, affecting fertility and requiring personalized treatment.

American men are older, more obese, and have longer infertility than Canadian men.

Lifestyle changes like diet and exercise are key for treating overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

The document concludes that effectively managing PCOS requires a multifaceted approach.