Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of Its Clinical Presentation, Comorbidities, Long-Term Complications, and Management

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent hormonal and metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age, leading to symptoms like irregular menstruation, hirsutism, acne, and weight gain, and contributing to conditions such as insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and fertility issues. It is influenced by hormonal, genetic, and metabolic factors and poses long-term risks including heart disease, endometrial cancer, and mental health issues like anxiety and depression. Diagnosis involves medical history, hormone tests, and ultrasounds. While PCOS cannot be cured, it can be managed through lifestyle changes, medications like birth control pills and metformin, and fertility treatments for those wishing to conceive. Early detection and management through diet, exercise, and treatment can significantly improve the quality of life for women with PCOS.