Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Literature Review With a Focus on Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Management

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder characterized by chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism, affecting 6%-20% of females of reproductive age. Symptoms, which often begin in puberty, include menstrual irregularities, anovulation, acne, hirsutism, and sometimes baldness. Diagnosis is complex due to the syndrome's varied phenotypes and lack of a single diagnostic indicator. Management is symptom-dependent and may involve medications like aromatase inhibitors, metformin, and clomiphene citrate, or surgical options like laparoscopic ovarian drilling. The review highlights the importance of individualized treatment to improve quality of life and reduce health risks associated with PCOS.