6 citations
,
January 2019 in “F1000Research” This study found that triglycerides, testosterone, and SHBG levels were associated with hyperandrogenism in women with PCOS, while FGS was not linked to this condition.
22 citations
,
January 2019 in “Endocrinology and metabolism” This study found that among Filipino women, a modified Ferriman-Gallwey score of 7 or above indicates hirsutism and is significantly associated with elevated calculated free testosterone.
1 citations
,
September 2023 in “Baghdad Journal of Biochemistry and Applied Biological Sciences” In this study, among Iraqi women with hirsutism, researchers found no significant differences in hormonal markers compared to healthy controls, but identified a strong association between the modified Ferriman-Gallwey (mFG) score and hirsutism, highlighting the mFG score's utility in diagnosing the condition.
3 citations
,
October 2021 in “Postepy Dermatologii I Alergologii” This study found that evaluating terminal hair growth on the chin, thighs, and either the upper lip or lower abdomen could streamline the modified Ferriman-Gallwey scoring, aiding hirsutism diagnosis under pandemic conditions.
2 citations
,
January 2013 in “Türkiye klinikleri tıp bilimleri dergisi” This study found that a modified Ferriman-Gallwey score of 11 may be appropriate for diagnosing hirsutism in Turkish women, but should be adjusted based on individual factors like age, skin type, and family history.
1 citations
,
January 2024 in “Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism” This study found that self-assessed mFG and Hirsuta scores have low specificity for diagnosing hirsutism in clinical settings, though they may still be useful for screening in epidemiological studies.
40 citations
,
January 2010 in “Annales D Endocrinologie” This article discusses diagnostic guidelines for PCOS, emphasizing the use of the Rotterdam criteria and recommending clomiphene citrate as the first-line treatment for ovulation induction; it reports no new clinical results.
26 citations
,
March 2014 in “Arquivos Brasileiros De Endocrinologia E Metabologia” This review discusses the definition, causes, diagnostic strategies, and treatment options for hirsutism in women without reporting new clinical results, and highlights the impact of the condition on self-esteem.
10 citations
,
September 2015 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” In this study, spironolactone and spironolactone plus metformin both significantly reduced hirsutism scores in women with PCOS, but the combination therapy was not more effective than spironolactone alone regarding BMI, hormone levels, or insulin resistance.
1 citations
,
July 2016 in “Mağallaẗ Kulliyyaẗ al-ṭibb Baġdād” This study found that women with polycystic ovary syndrome had significantly higher levels of prostate-specific antigen, which positively correlated with testosterone levels, the LH/FSH ratio, and hirsutism severity.
1 citations
,
October 1997 in “PubMed” This study found that both finasteride and flutamide significantly decreased hirsutism severity and hair diameter in women with PCOS and Idiopathic Hirsutism, with abdominal hairs showing greater sensitivity to the treatments.
September 2023 in “Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College/Journal Rawalpindi Medical College” This study found that oral contraceptive pills containing cyproterone acetate and drospirenone were more effective at reducing hirsutism in women with PCOS than those containing levonorgestrel over a 6-month period.
16 citations
,
January 2011 in “International Journal of Trichology” This article discusses the principles and considerations of clinical photography for hair disorders in dermatology, reporting no new clinical findings.
378 citations
,
September 1998 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” This study found that the prevalence of PCOS in a population of unselected U.S. women was 4.0%, with no significant racial differences between White and Black women.
192 citations
,
September 2003 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” This study suggests that metformin may be more effective than Dianette in treating moderate to severe hirsutism in women with PCOS, while also reducing markers of insulin resistance.
150 citations
,
February 2008 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” This study suggests that antiandrogens may slightly reduce hirsutism severity compared to placebo, but evidence is weak and their relative efficacy remains uncertain.
98 citations
,
July 2011 in “Fertility and Sterility” This study determined that an mFG score of 5 or greater defines hirsutism among Southern Chinese women, with prevalence and score thresholds decreasing with age.
82 citations
,
May 2016 in “Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology” This article outlines the clinical features, evaluation, and treatment strategies for androgen excess in polycystic ovary syndrome, highlighting important diagnostic and management approaches but reporting no new research results.
75 citations
,
July 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” This study found that combining low-dose spironolactone with metformin provided greater clinical benefits and improved treatment compliance in women with PCOS compared to either drug alone.
75 citations
,
November 2007 in “Clinical endocrinology” This study found that several drugs, including flutamide and spironolactone, significantly reduced hirsutism in women, with reduced effectiveness in those with higher BMI.
75 citations
,
March 1999 in “Fertility and sterility” This study concluded that finasteride, cyproterone acetate, and flutamide were similarly effective at reducing hirsutism in women, though they acted through different mechanisms.
74 citations
,
December 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” This study found that treatment with leuprolide plus cyclic estrogen/progestin may lead to a faster and greater improvement in hirsutism compared to a standard oral contraceptive regimen.
56 citations
,
April 2003 in “Fertility and Sterility” This study found that while cyproterone acetate, finasteride, and spironolactone had similar short-term effects in treating idiopathic hirsutism, spironolactone provided more lasting benefits one year after treatment.
55 citations
,
March 2000 in “American journal of clinical dermatology” Antiandrogens, particularly flutamide and CPA, are most effective for treating hirsutism, with long-term use needed for best results.
52 citations
,
January 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” This study observed that finasteride and spironolactone both led to a similar significant, but limited, improvement in hirsutism despite their differing effects on androgen levels.
50 citations
,
August 1985 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” This study found that spironolactone directly inhibits 5 alpha-reductase activity in hirsute women, resulting in decreased conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, which may contribute to its therapeutic effects.
38 citations
,
May 2006 in “Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics” This study reported that women with PCOS had higher levels of certain hormones and lower SHBG levels compared to non-PCOS women with similar symptoms, highlighting a less favorable endocrine profile in PCOS cases.
35 citations
,
July 2008 in “International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics” This study found that medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment in women with PCOS reduced hyperandrogenism-related hormonal levels and improved skin conditions without affecting lipid or carbohydrate metabolism.
32 citations
,
October 2003 This review reports that 100 mg/day spironolactone improved hair growth more than placebo and was more effective in reducing hair growth than finasteride and low-dose cyproterone acetate, but its effectiveness for acne remains unclear due to small sample sizes.
30 citations
,
April 1997 in “European journal of endocrinology” The document concludes that managing hirsutism involves identifying the cause, using a scoring system for severity, combining cosmetic and medical treatments, encouraging weight loss, and providing psychological support, while noting the need for more research on drug treatments.