August 2026 in “Journal of Nanobiotechnology” In testosterone-induced AGA mouse models, this study found that a dual-drug-loaded cationic nanoemulsion of minoxidil and finasteride enhanced follicle-associated retention, supporting hair regeneration while reducing systemic absorption and showing good skin compatibility, indicating a promising approach for androgenetic alopecia treatment.
July 2021 in “Journal of dermatology & dermatologic surgery” In this study, two patients with severe alopecia areata who did not respond well to oral tofacitinib showed more than 50% hair regrowth after a single dose of intramuscular triamcinolone acetonide.
3 citations
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September 1989 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that methyl nonanoate and methyl caprate significantly enhanced the skin penetration of minoxidil compared to solutions with other common enhancers like Azone, DMSO, or DEET.
April 2024 in “Dermatology The American Medical Journal” This study developed expert consensus guidelines on the safe and effective prescription of low-dose oral minoxidil for treating hair loss by engaging 43 dermatologists from 12 countries in a structured Delphi process, yielding 78 consensus items on safety, efficacy, dosing, and monitoring.
62 citations
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December 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” This study found that combining a GnRH agonist with a low-dose oral contraceptive was more effective in treating hirsutism than either agent alone and prevented hypoestrogenic side effects.
3 citations
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January 1982 in “Australian journal of biological sciences” This study found that ethionine significantly inhibited wool growth in sheep, with L- and D-isomers being equally effective, but did not cause hair loss in sucking mice or rats.
March 2021 in “Hair transplant forum international” This article provides an overview of minoxidil's application as a vasodilator for severe hypertension and its topical use for treating androgenetic alopecia, detailing its effective plasma threshold levels for hair growth induction without new findings.
9 citations
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April 2018 in “Biology of reproduction” This study concluded that dietary changes alter serum progesterone and estradiol levels in late gestation ewes, likely due to metabolism rather than changes in placental steroid synthesis.
9 citations
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November 2013 in “BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology” This study found that transient inhibition of eIF4E in a transgenic mouse model protected against cyclophosphamide-induced hair loss by inducing cell cycle arrest and reducing cellular apoptosis.
19 citations
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June 2010 in “Journal of acupuncture and meridian studies” This study found that emodin from Polygonum multiflorum showed 5alpha-reductase inhibitory activity, which was more potent than alizarin but less potent than riboflavin.
January 1983 in “Side effects of drugs annual” This chapter reviews adverse effects of anti-anginal and beta-blocker drugs, stating that starting a beta-blocker may temporarily affect driving ability, but it reports no new clinical findings.
January 2024 in “Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Pathology” In this case report, veterinarians observed a 16-year-old mare with symptoms including chronic weight loss, pruritus, muscle atrophy, and lameness, which gradually progressed to neurological issues despite initial treatment.
April 2024 in “Skin research and technology” This study retrospectively observed that combining microneedle minoxidil with triamcinolone acetonide showed clinical efficacy in treating alopecia areata, a condition marked by sudden patchy hair loss.
24 citations
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March 1995 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study reported that etretinate treatment leads to increased hair shedding due to a sustained decrease in anagen duration, with an arrest at the onset of anagen and a follicular anchorage defect in telogen contributing to alopecia.
2 citations
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November 2022 in “Biosensors” This study introduced a new spectrofluorometric method using a synthesized organic fluorophore to effectively analyze darolutamide and thalidomide in pharmaceutical preparations and biofluids.
21 citations
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April 2011 in “Epilepsia” This open-label study suggests that combining valproate, lamotrigine, and a benzodiazepine can significantly reduce the frequency of epileptic drop attacks in patients with generalized or multifocal epilepsies.
December 2025 in “Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Abant Tip Dergisi” In this experimental study on rats, the researchers reported that administering minoxidil did not have significant electrophysiological or histopathological effects on penicillin-induced epilepsy, although future studies with larger sample sizes are recommended for more definitive conclusions.
July 2026 in “Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology”
September 2023 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” In a pilot study examining potential treatments for androgenic alopecia, researchers reported that over four months, topical cetirizine 1% improved hair length but not other measures, while diclofenac 3% showed no significant effects, unlike minoxidil, which showed significant improvement across all measured variables.
8 citations
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October 2015 in “Asian Journal of Chemistry” A new method was created to accurately measure minoxidil and aminexil in hair loss treatments.
22 citations
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January 1999 in “Journal of Toxicology Clinical Toxicology” This report describes the first documented case of an oral overdose of the extra strength 5% minoxidil solution, resulting in severe hypotension and requiring intensive medical intervention.
9 citations
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July 2022 in “Journal of Clinical Oncology” This study found that oral paclitaxel combined with encequidar improved tumor response rates compared to intravenous paclitaxel in women with metastatic breast cancer, while also reducing neuropathy but increasing certain gastrointestinal and neutropenic side effects.
2 citations
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June 2025 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Low-dose oral minoxidil can cause dizziness in women without lowering blood pressure, so careful monitoring is needed.
10 citations
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October 2016 in “Epilepsy & behavior” In this study, behavioral disturbances were commonly observed with levetiracetam, while somnolence was frequently reported with oxcarbazepine among patients with refractory epilepsy.
1 citations
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January 1976 in “Clinical Science” This study concluded that minoxidil combined with a diuretic may effectively reduce blood pressure in moderately hypertensive male patients with minimal side effects.
2 citations
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January 2006 in “PubMed” This study found that topical application of carpronium chloride led to arteriolar vasodilation and increased blood flow in rat mesenteric arterioles, without affecting systemic blood pressure.
January 2017 in “Faculty of 1000 Research Ltd” Oral minoxidil effectively reduces hair shedding in women with chronic telogen effluvium.
21 citations
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August 1960 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Endoxan often causes hair loss, which usually starts in the third week of treatment.
Minoxidil can cause hair growth as a side effect.
September 2019 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This research observed that during the 2 to 4 days following hair transplantation for androgenetic alopecia, patients may develop forehead and upper eyelid edema due to gravitational fluid movement and oozing of inflammatory fluid in the implanted area.