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Minoxidil is the only FDA-approved topical drug for treating male or female pattern hair loss, and other medications like finasteride and dutasteride can also increase hair growth.

Dihydrotestosterone gel improved well-being and sexual function in older men without negatively affecting prostate health.

Melatonin helps regulate hair growth and protects the hair follicle from stress.

Stress increases a factor in mice that leads to hair loss, and blocking this factor may prevent it.

C60 fullerenes can alter protein function and may help develop new disease inhibitors.

Recombinant cytokine therapy can cause skin reactions ranging from mild to severe.

A genetic region near the PAX1 gene is linked to a higher risk of scoliosis in females.

Testosterone replacement may help some postmenopausal women with symptoms like fatigue and low libido, but more research is needed to fully understand its effects.

Prolactin affects hair growth and skin conditions, and could be a target for new skin disease treatments.

Pregnancy can cause skin pigmentation, stretch marks, and changes in hair, nails, and sweat glands, with most resolving after birth.

A new gene mutation causes female pseudohermaphroditism due to glucocorticoid resistance.

Improving skin barrier and using antifungal treatments can help manage dandruff.

Certain genetic variations in the AR and ERβ genes can affect androgen levels in women.

Polygonum multiflorum extract helps grow hair by activating certain hair growth signals in mice.

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is important for tissue development and has potential in regenerative medicine, but requires more research for therapeutic use.

The document concludes that early diagnosis and treatment of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia are crucial for preventing serious health issues and improving patient outcomes.

Cholesterol sulfate buildup due to a genetic mutation disrupts the skin barrier, leading to the scaling skin seen in X-linked ichthyosis.

Alpha-hydroxy acids, like glycolic acid, safely improve skin issues and work on all skin types.

Gynecologists should provide comprehensive care for transgender patients, including mental health evaluation, hormone therapy, and surgical options, while monitoring for side effects and ensuring patient safety.

The Foxn1 gene mutation causes hairlessness and immune system issues, and understanding it could lead to hair growth disorder treatments.

Keratin 15 is not a reliable sole marker for identifying epidermal stem cells because it's found in various cell types.

The document concludes that minoxidil and finasteride are proven for hair growth, herbal remedies show promise, but more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness.

Hair shedding is an active process that could be targeted to treat hair loss.

Correcting nutrient deficiencies may help with hair loss, but the benefits of supplements without a deficiency are uncertain and could be harmful.

Amenorrhea is relatively rare and initial testing should check FSH, TSH, and prolactin levels.

Human skin cells produce proenkephalin, which changes with environmental factors and skin diseases.

The document concludes that accurate measurement of serum androgens is crucial for diagnosing hyperandrogenism.

Women with PCOS often have skin problems like excessive hair, acne, hair loss, and dark patches, which can be treated with hormonal and non-hormonal therapies.

Androgens play a role in female sexual function, and testosterone therapy can help women with low sexual desire, but more research is needed on treatments and long-term safety.

Hair grays due to oxidative stress and fewer functioning melanocytes.