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This study found that women with polycystic ovary syndrome have higher serum VEGF-B levels, which are linked to insulin resistance and decrease after metformin treatment.

This study found that the prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia in healthy premenopausal female blood donors is low and not affected by hormonal contraceptive use, with stress-related factors being the most common cause.

This study found that dihydrotestosterone treatment in female rats altered anterior pituitary gland gene expression, with significant repression of prolactin and inhibition of GnRH receptor gene expression, suggesting specific hormone production changes.

This review explores the role of hyperandrogenism, including adrenal-derived 11-oxygenated androgen, in the development of polycystic ovarian syndrome and discusses potential therapeutic strategies targeting androgen excess, without reporting new clinical results.

This study estimates the total cost of evaluating and treating polycystic ovary syndrome in reproductive-aged women in the United States to be $4.36 billion, suggesting more liberal screening could be beneficial.

This abstract reviews the characteristics and health risks associated with polycystic ovary syndrome and does not report new findings, highlighting the syndrome's multifactorial nature.

In this retrospective cohort study, women with polycystic ovary syndrome showed high incidence and age-specific prevalence rates of type 2 diabetes, myocardial infarction, and angina, particularly in those over 65.

Women with PCOS have overall higher body fat, not abnormal fat placement, and more insulin resistance.

In this study of women with hirsutism or androgenic alopecia, diverse underlying endocrine disorders including polycystic ovaries and various enzyme deficiencies were detected, often associated with elevated testosterone levels.

This review discusses the high prevalence of androgen excess and PCOS in women with type 1 diabetes but reports no new clinical findings; the authors highlight the underdiagnosis of hyperandrogenism in these patients.

This study found that women with androgenic alopecia had a higher prevalence of polycystic ovarian morphology and higher androgen levels compared to controls, suggesting a strong association with PCO.

This study found that cortisone reductase deficiency is caused by inactivating mutations in the H6PD gene, affecting cortisol metabolism by preventing 11β-HSD1 enzyme function.

This study found that the progestins norgestimate and dienogest may help treat clinical hyperandrogeny in women by inhibiting skin 5 alpha-reductase activity with minimal androgenic potential.

This review examines the evaluation and management of hirsutism and hyperandrogenism in postmenopausal women and reports no new clinical findings.

This review discusses the physiological roles of ovarian androgens in follicle development and atresia, emphasizing their contributions to polycystic ovary syndrome and normal follicle maturation but provides no new clinical results.

This study suggests that variations in PCOS phenotypes observed across different ethnic groups may be due to a genetic gradient resulting from historical human migrations and genetic drift.

This study found that women with PCOS had lower fasting serum ghrelin levels and a reduced ghrelin response to an oral glucose load compared to controls, with an inverse relationship to insulin resistance.

This article provides an overview of diagnosing Cushing's syndrome, emphasizing the importance of assessing clinical signs and the appropriate use of first-line biochemical screening.

This article reviews the psychological, social, and biological impacts of polycystic ovary syndrome on women of reproductive age and reports no new experimental results.

This study suggests that daughters of women with PCOS may have altered androgen metabolism in early childhood, with increased 5α-reductase activity potentially contributing to PCOS development.

This study found that both finasteride and flutamide effectively reduced hirsutism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, decreasing the Ferriman-Gallwey score and hair diameter without significant side effects.

This study found no significant differences in metabolic characteristics between different phenotypes of PCOS or between women with PCOS and healthy controls among reproductive-aged Iranian women.

This study observed that serum AMH concentration and LH/FSH ratio showed comparable diagnostic value for PCOS among infertile women, though neither is adequate alone for diagnosis.

This review discusses the differential diagnosis of low-renin hypertension and highlights recent genetic discoveries related to familial forms, but it presents no new clinical results.

This study found that women with polycystic ovary syndrome in the UK show significant differences in phenotypic and metabolic characteristics based on ethnicity, age, and obesity, influencing management strategies.

This study found that women with polycystic ovary syndrome have significantly higher plasma levels of thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor and other hemostatic markers compared to age- and BMI-matched healthy controls.

This study found that women with polycystic ovary syndrome had significantly higher serum and intrafollicular levels of anti-Müllerian hormone compared to normovulatory women, indicating a potential marker for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome risk.

This article discusses the diagnostic complexities of PCOS and emphasizes the importance of differentiating between polycystic ovaries and polycystic ovary syndrome; it presents no new experimental results.

This study found that diagnosing nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia in women based solely on serum 17OHP measurements can lead to false positives, suggesting the need for urinary steroid profiles and genetic testing for confirmation.

This study found that while ethinyl oestradiol and cyproterone acetate effectively treated hirsutism in 90% of patients, 80% experienced relapse within six months after stopping treatment, suggesting long-term use is necessary.