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This source reports that combining 5-alpha reductase inhibitors with minoxidil for treating male androgenic alopecia presents a minimal risk of side effects when administered following established medical guidelines, with finasteride commonly associated with reversible sexual side effects and dutasteride used off-label with similar risks.

Finasteride helps reduce prostate size and symptoms in BPH but is less effective than terazosin and works best for larger prostates.

This study reported that seminal vesiculoscopy combined with transurethral resection of ejaculatory ducts and balloon dilation effectively resolved hematospermia and improved symptoms in a patient whose condition was unresponsive to medical treatments.

This review summarizes the adverse effects associated with 5α‐reductase inhibitors, noting slightly increased rates of decreased libido, erectile and ejaculatory dysfunction, gynecomastia, depression, and anxiety, with further studies needed to explore symptom prevalence and persistence.

This study reports that simultaneous cystoscopy, electroejaculation, transurethral resection of ejaculatory ducts, and seminal vesiculography were safe and effective in diagnosing and treating concurrent hematospermia and anorgasmia.

This article reviews the mechanism, use, and alternatives for finasteride in dermatology and provides no new clinical results.

This article reviews the management of excessive pre-ejaculate, highlighting case reports where 5-α-reductase inhibitors, such as finasteride and dutasteride, led to symptom resolution in patients reporting distress due to this condition.

This review discusses the structure and function of the testes in male reproduction and development, noting the complex hormonal regulation within the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis but reports no new clinical results.

This animal study found that testosterone treatment increased vas deferens fluid secretion rate in rats, with potential implications for male fertility through the upregulation of AQP-1, 2, and 9 proteins.

This review examines the roles of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and estradiol in activating male sexual behavior in laboratory animals and humans, reporting no new clinical results.

This study found a positive association between erectile dysfunction and the functionality of the marital subsystem in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia treated with tamsulosin and finasteride.

Testosterone boosts fluid and electrolyte secretion in seminal vesicles, aiding sperm function.

This study found that treatment with imipramine and pseudoephedrine can effectively restore antegrade ejaculation in diabetic patients suffering from retrograde ejaculation, offering potential fertility solutions through natural or assisted reproductive methods.

This article summarizes findings on the role of androgens and estrogens in male reproductive tissues across species, highlighting the roles of hormone metabolism, receptor distribution, and stress-induced changes.

This study found that testosterone significantly influenced the expression and function of certain ion transporters in the vas deferens, impacting fluid secretion and contributing to a suitable environment for male fertility.

This study found that lower urinary tract symptoms were linked to reduced functional ability in older adults, with distinct associations for nocturia in men and frequency, urgency, and overactive bladder in women.

In this review, extensive analysis using conditional mutant mice revealed that androgen and Wnt signals play crucial roles in the development and function of male external genitalia and erectile tissue, while also exploring various regulatory factors involved in their pathogenesis.

This study found that low androgen levels in rat penile endothelial cells were associated with a decrease in eNOS-expressing extracellular vesicles and reduced nitric oxide production.

This chapter reviews the role of the testes in producing and functioning of testicular androgens and protein hormones, but it presents no new clinical results.

This study found a significant correlation between estradiol/testosterone imbalance and erectile dysfunction severity in Klinefelter syndrome patients, also highlighting high satisfaction with penile prosthesis in both psychogenic and organic cases.

In this study, treatment with finasteride altered the expression patterns of antioxidant enzymes in the epididymis of rats, potentially affecting its protective function for spermatozoa.

This review discusses the impact of hormones on female sexual function and dysfunction, highlighting the complexity and gaps in basic research, and reports no new clinical findings.

In this study, men with persistent sexual dysfunction after stopping finasteride showed significant vascular, neurologic, and hormonal abnormalities, with severe erectile dysfunction being common.

This article reviews the coordination of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, male fertility, and therapies for hypogonadism, but reports no new clinical findings.

This case study of a subfertile couple highlighted the importance of considering haemochromatosis, particularly involving the C282Y mutation of the HFE gene, in patients with endocrine disorders linked to hypogonadism.

This review discusses the biology of spermatogenesis and male reproductive toxicology but reports no new research findings.

This article reviews how various hormones may affect female sexual function and provides recommendations for diagnosing and treating endocrinologic sexual difficulties, but it reports no new clinical results.

This study found that androgen is essential for erectile function in rats, and suggests that its effects may be partly mediated through nitric oxide synthase positive neurons in the medial preoptic area.

This study found that finasteride-induced DHT deficiency altered estrogen receptor expression in the epididymis, potentially destabilizing its function.

This study observed that circulating testosterone affects baseline sex differences in voiding function in C57BL/6J mice, with prostate lobe mass having a lesser impact.