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The safety and effectiveness of gender-affirming treatments for children are uncertain, with potential long-term risks like infertility.

The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.

Male genital development is driven by androgen signaling and understanding it could help address congenital anomalies.

The guideline provides healthcare professionals in South Africa with instructions for comprehensive, multidisciplinary gender-affirming care, including HIV prevention and treatment for transgender and gender diverse individuals.

PFS and PSSD are similar conditions with persistent sexual dysfunction after stopping medication.

Late diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia can greatly affect physical development, gender identity, and sexual health.

Most youth with gender dysphoria received hormones, had minor complications, and showed a decrease in suicide attempts after treatment.

Neuroactive steroids could become safe, effective treatments with more understanding of their complex brain actions and metabolism.

Mice without the enzyme HSD17B3 still produce normal testosterone, suggesting they have different ways to make it compared to humans.

Testosterone therapy seems safe and effective for transgender men with proper care, but more long-term research is needed.

The guideline suggests using specific criteria to diagnose PCOS, recommends various treatments for its symptoms, and advises screening for related health issues.

Male rats have more somatostatin neurons than females due to testosterone converting to estrogen during early development.

Sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone may affect COVID-19 severity differently in men and women, potentially influencing prevention and treatment strategies.

Chromosomal differences affect how muscle cells respond to testosterone.

Male and female skin differ due to hormones, affecting conditions like hair loss, acne, and skin cancer, and suggesting a need for gender-specific treatments.

Men and women respond differently to drugs for COVID-19, high cholesterol, and diabetes, which suggests a need for personalized treatments.

Hair loss patterns differ between males and females due to 5 master regulators and JAK-STAT signaling affects hair growth.

A certain gene variant may increase the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome in Chinese women.

Fadrozole and Finasteride change frog sex ratios and cause intersex animals with altered gene expressions.

Tributyltin exposure causes sex changes, sterilization, and decline in the snail Ocinebrina aciculata, risking its extinction.

Higher androgen levels do not cause baldness in men.

Certain genetic variations in the SHBG gene are linked to an increased or decreased risk of PCOS in Mediterranean women.

In Japan, sex reassignment surgery for gender identity disorder faces challenges and needs better medical support and education.

Lower SHBG levels may increase the risk of PCOS.

People with androgenetic alopecia, both men and women, are more likely to develop heart diseases in the future.

Early signs of PCOS in girls, like irregular periods and polycystic ovaries, suggest a need for early diagnosis and intervention to prevent further health issues.

Different monkey species in a lab showed varying levels of hair loss due to factors like type, sex, age, season, and living conditions.

Japanese patients with alopecia areata often have a higher BMI and consume more vitamin C, fruit, and retinol, which may affect their condition's development or severity.

The enzyme 17β-HSD type 2 mainly performs oxidation in human sebaceous glands, which may help protect against acne.

The Wnt signaling pathway is not a major factor in the development of keratoacanthoma, a type of skin tumor.