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This study found that rice bran supercritical CO₂ extract was classified as a non-irritant for ocular use but a moderate irritant for dermal use in rabbits and guinea pigs.

This study found that potential exposure to Corexit™ dispersants during the Deepwater Horizon cleanup was associated with increased respiratory, dermal, and eye irritation symptoms among responders both during the cleanup and up to three years later.

This study investigated the safety and effectiveness of two thioglycolate chemical depilatory creams for full genital hair removal in men and women, finding acceptable dermal tolerance despite some instances of irritation, supporting their use for pubic hair grooming.

This review discusses the use of derma rollers for cosmetic purposes and their potential in transdermal drug delivery by summarizing evidence on their design, efficacy, safety, and concerns from preclinical and clinical reports.

This study developed a low-viscosity triamcinolone acetonide serum, used with a derma stamp microneedling device, to improve targeted treatment of alopecia areata, reporting favorable drug solubility, spreadability, and permeation to hair follicles, while maintaining skin safety.

This research reported that eflornithine HCl 13.9% cream generally has a favorable dermal safety profile for managing unwanted facial hair in women, though it can cause mild irritation under certain conditions.

The document does not state whether dexpanthenol dermal spray helps skin recover after laser hair removal.

This review outlines the histological structures of the skin, highlighting species and regional differences in dermal absorption and obstacles encountered in toxicological assessments due to epidermal thickness variability, contact dermatitis reactions, and stem cell vulnerabilities.

This study evaluated a 20% cinchona extract cream and found it increased hair growth length and mass in guinea pigs, demonstrated good physical stability, and did not irritate rabbit skin.

This study found that a 3:2 combination of pandan leaf and mother-in-law's tongue extracts in hair tonic showed similar hair growth activity as 5% minoxidil after three weeks.

This study reported that the HG3 formulation of a Ketoconazole anti-dandruff gel exhibited superior drug release and antifungal efficacy without causing skin irritation, compared to other formulations tested.

This source reviews recent data on topical minoxidil, evaluating its pharmacology, mechanism of action, clinical effectiveness, and side effects in treating hair loss, although its precise mode of action remains unclear.

This study reported that a spray containing Origanum marjoram essential oil significantly improved hair regrowth, dermal thickness, weight, and lymphocyte levels in rabbits with cyclophosphamide-induced alopecia, suggesting its potential as a natural alternative for hair loss treatment.

This study introduces a novel pro-drug formulation of all-trans retinoic acid that reduces skin inflammation and achieves sustained drug release over several days compared to traditional methods.

In this study, a newly developed cardamonin-loaded liposomal formulation significantly enhanced hair growth and improved hair follicle performance in mice with androgenic alopecia.

This study found that the addition of SPACE peptide significantly enhanced the penetration of amniotic membrane stem cell metabolites in mice, with only very mild irritation observed.

This study found that a combination of botanical extracts from Pisum sativum and Salvia hispanica reduced oxidative damage, re-balanced scalp oiliness, and improved scalp hydration and barrier function after pollution exposure.

In this study, researchers investigated the penetration and cellular responses to nanoplastics in human skin models with compromised barriers, finding that nanoplastics can penetrate the skin, accumulate in cells, and trigger inflammatory responses through specific signaling pathways.

This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of a cinchonine nanostructured lipid carrier serum for hair growth in mouse models, finding that it significantly increased hair length and enhanced follicle penetration compared to controls, with no notable irritation observed.

This study found that goat placenta extract, when combined with PEGylated liposomes and microspicule gel, significantly promoted hair regrowth in patients experiencing hair loss due to chemotherapy by enhancing hair cell proliferation without causing skin irritation over a 12-week application period.

This study found that in androgenetic alopecia mice, MNX@Arg-CLAVs, a novel nanovesicle platform containing minoxidil and conjugated linoleic acid, enhanced hair regeneration and reduced hair follicle aging more effectively and with less irritation compared to traditional minoxidil tincture.

In this case report, a young woman experienced acute kidney injury linked to the use of a hair straightening product containing glyoxylic acid, suggesting dermal absorption may lead to calcium oxalate nephropathy; this highlights the need for regulatory review and public health intervention.

Chitosan-coated nanocapsules improve minoxidil delivery for better hair regrowth.

This study found that osthole, a coumarin derivative, demonstrated significantly higher skin accumulation and potential skin irritation compared to coumarin, which showed negligible alterations in protein biomarkers.

This study observed that the ethyl acetate extract of Equisetum debile showed high activity against 5α-reductase and lipid peroxidation with no cytotoxicity on dermal papilla cells.

In this study, applying deer antler velvet extract-loaded niosomes and microspicules serum to the scalp significantly improved hair growth, melanin content, and skin hydration over 14 to 30 days without causing skin irritation.

This study extracted water-soluble keratin particles from chicken feathers and verified their structural properties, observing no irritative potential on hen's eggs and positive physiological effects on human skin cells, suggesting their suitability for use on damaged or irritated skin.

In this study, researchers extracted soluble keratin proteins from chicken feathers and found they maintain structural integrity with potential uses for damaged skin, exhibiting no irritative effects in ex vivo settings on hen's eggs.

This study found that a new alcohol-free minoxidil hydrogel formulation showed comparable in vitro efficacy and skin absorption to the commercial minoxidil product for treating androgenetic alopecia.

This review describes ethosomes as promising nanocarriers for delivering active cosmetic ingredients to the skin, potentially transforming treatments for hair loss, acne, and skin pigmentation.