109 citations,
March 2011 in “Journal of controlled release” New micelle solutions greatly improve skin delivery of certain antifungal drugs.
Labrasol® in phospholipid vesicles improves minoxidil delivery to the skin, potentially aiding hair growth treatments.
23 citations,
June 2014 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Finasteride cream helps hair growth with less side effects.
25 citations,
December 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” New methods like nanoparticles and microneedles show promise for better skin drug delivery, especially for hair disorders.
159 citations,
July 2014 in “Molecular pharmaceutics” New micelle nanocarriers deliver Tacrolimus more effectively to skin layers for psoriasis treatment than the current Protopic ointment.
23 citations,
April 1991 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Minoxidil solution can cause skin irritation and allergies in some users.
March 1997 in “The American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery” A new hair transplant method showed promising results and a study found how deep a CO₂ laser can penetrate skin.
119 citations,
December 2008 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Nanoparticles can deliver vaccines through hair follicles, triggering immune responses and providing protection.
316 citations,
June 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Microspheres about 1.5 micrometers in size can best penetrate hair follicles, potentially reaching important stem cells.
15 citations,
July 1991 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Laser Doppler velocimetry is a valuable noninvasive tool for skin blood flow research in dermatology.
June 2010 in “Melanoma research” LDE225 is a promising skin-applied treatment for basal cell carcinoma with good skin penetration and effectiveness.
The skin is a complex barrier for drug penetration, but understanding its structure and interactions can improve drug delivery methods.
137 citations,
May 1984 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Minoxidil increases blood flow in balding scalps, possibly reversing hair loss.
122 citations,
April 2011 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics” Particles around 100 nm can penetrate and stay in hair follicles without passing through healthy skin, making them safe for use in topical products and useful for targeted drug delivery.
94 citations,
January 2007 in “Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology” Iranian veterans exposed to sulfur mustard suffer from long-term skin itching and eye damage, with some risk of skin cancer and ongoing management challenges.
41 citations,
November 1987 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Ketoconazole cured about 70% of cutaneous leishmaniasis cases caused by Leishmania major.
35 citations,
January 2018 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology” Nanoemulsion creams with certain enhancers can greatly increase caffeine delivery through skin.
19 citations,
December 2013 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Encapsulated Garcinia mangostana extract in cream penetrates skin better than other forms.
17 citations,
April 2017 in “International Journal of Biological Macromolecules” Monoolein-alginate beads help heal wounds by controlling moisture and effectively delivering adenosine to the skin.
15 citations,
October 2020 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Caffeine penetrates skin quickly through open hair follicles, but less through closed ones, with levels becoming equal after 22 hours.
11 citations,
October 2017 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” A new drug delivery system using oil body-bound oleosin-rhFGF-10 improves wound healing and hair growth in mice.
9 citations,
February 2011 in “Biologics: Targets & Therapy” Topical calcineurin inhibitors, especially 0.1% tacrolimus ointment, are effective and well-tolerated for treating cutaneous lupus erythematosus but require more research for standard treatment guidelines.
8 citations,
January 2007 in “International journal of experimental pathology” Hairless HRS/J mice resist Bacillus anthracis skin infections due to high numbers of immune cells, not because they lack hair follicles.
5 citations,
May 2020 in “Pharmaceutical Research” Heat and chemicals improve finasteride delivery to scalp and hair follicles, potentially enhancing treatment for hair loss.
5 citations,
January 2018 in “PubMed” Biodegradable microneedle patches help topical steroids work better for prurigo nodularis.
3 citations,
December 2016 in “Journal of epidemiological research” Estrogen and androgenic hair increase melanoma risk, especially in European-ancestry individuals.
1 citations,
July 2005 in “Drugs and the pharmaceutical sciences” Targeting drugs to hair follicles can treat skin conditions, but reaching deep follicle areas is hard and needs more research.
April 2024 in “Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology” Blue light might help treat skin conditions by affecting the skin's bacteria.
49 citations,
August 2016 in “Aesthetic Surgery Journal” Micro-needling effectively improves wrinkles, scars, and hair growth, but proper technique and safety are important.
39 citations,
February 2014 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Massage increases how deep both rigid and flexible liposomes can go into skin, with flexible ones going deeper, and covering the skin (occlusion) helps rigid ones more.