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Insulin resistance is a key factor in polycystic ovary syndrome, but genetics may also contribute.

TGF-β is crucial for tissue repair and can cause diseases if not properly regulated.

Hair loss and aging are caused by the breakdown of a key protein in hair stem cells.

Hidradenitis suppurativa, a chronic skin disease, can be managed with antibiotics, lifestyle changes, and in severe cases, surgery. Early diagnosis and careful planning are key, and laser treatment can be an efficient solution for mild to severe cases.

Two main types of fibroblasts with unique functions and additional subtypes were identified in human skin.

Eph receptors and ephrins may be promising targets for treating diseases, but more understanding is needed for effective and safe therapies.

Insulin resistance and obesity are key factors in the development and worsening of polycystic ovary syndrome, and lifestyle changes are important for managing it.

The document concludes that the 5 alpha-reductase enzymes are important in steroid metabolism and related to various human diseases, with inhibitors used to treat conditions like male pattern baldness and prostate issues.

Minoxidil and finasteride treat hair loss in men, while minoxidil treats hair loss in women.

PrEP for HIV is less effective in transgender women mainly due to low adherence to the treatment.

Pregnancy can cause various skin changes and diseases, with PUPPP being the most common skin condition specific to pregnancy.

Laser hair removal is the most requested cosmetic procedure and has become a scientifically-based treatment suitable for all skin types.

Metformin helps manage polycystic ovary syndrome by improving insulin resistance and ovulation, but more research is needed on its full effects.

Most women with excess hair growth have an underlying hormonal issue, often treated with medication and hair removal methods.

Targeted cancer therapies often cause serious skin problems that need careful management.

Men are more likely to have severe COVID-19 cases and fatalities than women due to factors like lifestyle, aging, and biological differences.

Opioid painkillers can cause many side effects, including breathing problems and addiction, but are generally considered safe when used properly.

New effective scar treatments are urgently needed due to the current options' limited success.

Jumonji genes are important for development and their mutations can cause abnormalities, especially in the heart and brain.

Toxic Shock Syndrome mainly affects menstruating women, can recur, and is linked to staph bacteria, with rapid treatment being crucial.

Oestrogens are key for bone growth during puberty in both boys and girls.

The document concludes that the exact way alcohol causes harm to fetal development is unknown, but it significantly affects nutrient transport to the fetus and a safe level of alcohol during pregnancy is not determined.

Lower doses of treatments for hirsutism and acne in PCOS are effective and cause fewer side effects.

Fibromodulin might help reduce scarring if increased in adult wounds like in fetal skin that heals without scars.

Epirubicin is as effective as doxorubicin for cancer treatment with less heart damage, but doesn't work on doxorubicin-resistant cancers.

High androgen levels in young women with PCOS are linked to higher blood pressure.

Low-Level Laser Therapy is effective and safe for hair growth with minimal side effects.

HairMax LaserComb® effectively promotes hair growth and stops hair loss in males with androgenetic alopecia, with no serious side effects.

Vitamin D and its receptor regulate skin functions like cell growth, immunity, hair cycle, and tumor prevention.

Omeprazole effectively treats severe acid reflux in children for short-term use, but long-term safety needs more research.