Prevention of Unfavorable Effects of Cigarette Smoke on Flap Viability Using Botulinum Toxin in Random Pattern Flaps: An Experimental Study

    August 2015 in “ Plastic Surgery ”
    Hikmet Karayel, Burak Kaya, Muzaffer Çaydere … Gürcan Aslan
    Studysummary This study found that botulinum toxin type A significantly reduced skin flap necrosis in rats exposed to cigarette smoke, suggesting it may help improve flap viability in smokers.
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