The Non-Neuronal and Nonmuscular Effects of Botulinum Toxin: An Opportunity for a Deadly Molecule to Treat Disease in the Skin and Beyond

The 2018 review article explored the diverse effects of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), especially BoNT/A, on non-neuronal and nonmuscular cells, including those in the skin. It highlighted BoNT/A's potential in dermatology for treating hyperhidrosis, skin diseases, aiding in wound healing, and providing anti-aging benefits. The toxin's anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties were also noted. The document reported that BoNT/A has been effective in reducing sebum production and pore size in oily skin, improving quality of life for patients with painful skin conditions, and showing therapeutic activity in various forms of hair loss and skin disorders. Clinical trials are underway for conditions like alopecia areata, scarring, and psoriasis. Despite some undesirable effects, the wide range of BoNT's biological impacts on human cells suggests significant potential for future medical applications.