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Leflunomide is effective for rheumatoid arthritis but has significant side effects.

Finasteride helps female-pattern hair loss.

Mice without the vitamin D receptor have bone issues and other health problems, suggesting vitamin D is important for preventing various diseases in humans.

The conclusion is that using drugs to block the TOR pathway might slow aging and prevent age-related diseases.

Hair loss and aging are caused by the breakdown of a key protein in hair stem cells.

Melanocyte stem cells in hair follicles are key for hair color and could help treat greying and pigment disorders.

Alopecia areata is likely an autoimmune disease with unclear triggers, involving various immune cells and molecules, and currently has no cure.

The document concludes that adenosine receptor agonists have potential for treating various conditions, but only a few are approved due to challenges like side effects and the need for selective activation.

Different types of stem cells with unique roles exist in blood, skin, and intestines, and this variety is important for tissue repair.

Human hair follicle organ culture is a useful model for hair research with potential for studying hair biology and testing treatments.

Cepharanthine is a well-tolerated drug with multiple medical uses, including anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties.

Male hormones and their receptors play a key role in hair loss and skin health, with potential new treatments being explored.

The circadian clock is crucial for tissue renewal and regeneration, affecting stem cell functions and having implications for health and disease.

Certain types of T cells are essential for healthy skin and play a role in skin diseases, but more research is needed to improve treatments.

Changes to the Foxp3 protein affect how well regulatory T cells can control the immune system, which could help treat immune diseases and cancer.

Animal models have helped understand hair loss from alopecia areata and find new treatments.

Muscles and nerves that cause goosebumps also help control hair growth.

YAP and TAZ proteins are necessary for the development of two types of skin cancer.

Costunolide may have multiple health benefits, including promoting hair growth and protecting against cancer and diabetes, but more research is needed.

The protein folliculin, involved in a rare disease, works with another protein to control how cells stick together and their organization, and changes in this interaction can lead to disease symptoms.

TRH stimulates human hair growth and extends the hair growth phase.

Janus kinase inhibitors are promising drugs for treating autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

Advanced nanocarrier and microneedle drug delivery methods are more effective, safer, and less invasive for treating skin diseases.

An imbalance between certain immune cells is linked to a chronic skin condition and may be influenced by obesity, smoking, and autoimmune issues.

The document concludes that for hair and feather growth, it's better to target the environment around stem cells than the cells themselves.

The p53 protein has complex, sometimes contradictory functions, including tumor suppression and promoting cell survival.

Lamins are vital for cell survival, organ development, and preventing premature aging.

Cancer treatments often cause hair disorders, significantly affecting patients' quality of life, and better management methods are needed.

Nano-sized plant-based chemicals could improve cervical cancer treatment by being more effective and causing fewer side effects than current methods.

Microneedle arrays with nanotechnology show promise for painless drug delivery through the skin but need more research on safety and effectiveness.