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Glossary Cell-Mediated Immunity

immune response involving T cells targeting infected or abnormal cells

Cell-Mediated Immunity (CMI) is a type of immune response that does not involve antibodies but instead relies on the activation of certain immune cells, particularly T cells, to fight off pathogens, infected cells, and cancer cells. This form of immunity is crucial for defending against intracellular pathogens, such as viruses and some bacteria, and plays a significant role in transplant rejection and autoimmune diseases.

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research Performance of an interferon-γ release assay-based test for cell-mediated immunity to SARS-CoV-2

3 citations , February 2023 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

In this study, researchers reported that a newly developed interferon-γ release assay for cell-mediated immunity to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid peptides demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity, making it a robust tool for routine diagnostic tests and potentially useful in predicting clinical outcomes after pathogen re-exposure.

research Dermal T cell immunity and key regulatory signaling pathways: Implications in immune-mediated alopecia and hair regeneration

1 citations , January 2025 in “Genes & Diseases”

This review highlights that T cells are crucial in regulating hair follicle regeneration and their disruption can lead to alopecia, providing insights into hair disorders related to T cell immune balance and hair follicle regeneration.

research 0037 Inflammatory implications in female pattern hair loss: unraveling B cell-related immune activation through comparative transcriptome profiling

July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Immune system changes may contribute to female pattern hair loss.

research Alopecia Areata

14 citations , January 1985 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

The cause of alopecia areata was unknown, and while various treatments existed, no best treatment was agreed upon.

research Seasonal alopecia areata with atopy

8 citations , October 1989 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

In this study, researchers observed that purpuric, telangiectatic, lichenoid balanitis was the most common histologic pattern in cases of chronic pseudoerythroplastic balanitis, suggesting a possible link to lichen aureus.

research Grahams Little Piccardi Lausseur Syndrome - A Rare Case Report with Review of Literature

October 2023 in “International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)”

This paper describes Grahams Little Piccardi Lassueur Syndrome, a rare type of Lichen Planopilaris that causes different types of alopecia and distinctive skin papules, primarily affecting females aged 40 to 70, and notes the current challenges in treatment options, particularly once scarring occurs.

research 66-Year-Old Female with Itchy Scalp and Hair Loss

January 2022 in “Clinical Cases in Dermatology”

This article discusses the causes and treatment options for lichen planopilaris, a scarring hair loss condition, but reports no new clinical findings.

research Case 7

May 2019 in “Small Animal Dermatology”

This chapter reviews a case of dermatophytosis in a dog, emphasizing diagnosis and treatment strategies without reporting new clinical results; it includes questions and answers to enhance veterinary dermatology skills.

research Successful treatment of refractory alopecia universalis with infliximab: First case report in Sri Lanka

December 2017 in “The Sri Lanka Journal of Dermatology”

This study reports a case where treatment with the TNF alpha inhibitor infliximab successfully resolved refractory alopecia universalis in a 41-year-old woman.

research CAQ Corner: Basic concepts of transplant immunology

May 2022 in “Liver transplantation”

This source does not report original research findings but reviews the mechanisms and challenges of immune response and immunosuppressive management in liver transplantation.

research Evaluation of Serum Apelin-13 in Psoriasis Vulgaris Patients

January 2020 in “Benha Journal of Applied Sciences”

This study found that serum apelin-13 levels were significantly higher in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis vulgaris compared to healthy controls.

research Down-RANKing the Threat of HSV-1: RANKL Upregulates MHC-Class-I-Restricted Anti-Viral Immunity in Herpes Simplex Virus Infection

2 citations , November 2015 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study found that RANKL signaling enhances CD8+ T cell-mediated anti-viral immunity during herpes simplex virus infection by preventing apoptosis of Langerhans cells, suggesting potential therapeutic applications.

research SIRT1 downregulation provokes immune-inflammatory responses in hair follicle outer root sheath cells and may contribute to development of alopecia areata

13 citations , May 2023 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

This research found that reduced expression of SIRT1 in human scalp tissue may contribute to alopecia areata development by inducing immune-inflammatory responses in hair follicle cells, suggesting that SIRT1 plays a regulatory role in hair follicle immunity.

research Genome-wide association study in alopecia areata implicates both innate and adaptive immunity

717 citations , June 2010 in “Nature”

This study identified key genetic regions associated with alopecia areata, highlighting both acquired and innate immune involvement, with a novel link to the upregulation of ULBP ligands in autoimmune disease.

research The role of B cell-activating factor system in autoimmune diseases: mechanisms, disease implications, and therapeutic advances

4 citations , June 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

This review discusses the role of the BAFF system in autoimmune diseases and highlights its therapeutic potential, emphasizing the need for disease-specific clinical trials to improve treatment strategies.

research Exploiting Unique Features of Microneedles to Modulate Immunity

39 citations , June 2023 in “Advanced Materials”

This review discusses the unique advantages and challenges of microneedle arrays for vaccine and immunotherapy delivery but reports no new clinical results.

research Age-Related Loss of Innate Immune Antimicrobial Function of Dermal Fat Is Mediated by Transforming Growth Factor Beta

96 citations , December 2018 in “Immunity”

This study found that inhibiting TGF-β receptors in adult dermal fibroblasts restored their function and increased resistance to Staphylococcus aureus infection by enhancing their adipogenic and antimicrobial capabilities.

research The vitamin B5/coenzyme A axis: A target for immunomodulation?

May 2024 in “European Journal of Immunology”

This review discusses the potential of targeting Coenzyme A metabolism to restore metabolic balance, reduce chronic inflammation, and enhance immune function, particularly by modulating Vitamin B5 pathways involved in Th17-mediated inflammation and CD8-dependent anti-tumor immunity.

research IMMUNOPATHOLOGY OF THE HUMAN HAIR FOLLICLE

15 citations , July 1999 in “Dermatologic Clinics”

This article discusses the potential for targeted therapies in hair loss by exploring inflammatory and cytokine-mediated processes, but it presents no new clinical results.

research In Human Skin, UVB Initiates Early Induction of IL-10 Over IL-12 Preferentially in the Expanding Dermal Monocytic/Macrophagic Population

101 citations , July 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study found that UV exposure in human skin induces IL-10 production by macrophages, while Langerhans cells are depleted and their IL-12 production is downregulated.

research Retinoid-mediated stimulation of steroid sulfatase activity in myeloid leukemic cell lines requires RARα and RXR and involves the phosphoinositide 3-kinase and ERK-MAP kinase pathways

24 citations , September 2005 in “Journal of Cellular Biochemistry”

This study found that all-trans and 9-cis retinoic acids increase steroid sulfatase activity in HL60 cells through mechanisms involving RARα/RXR heterodimers and multiple signaling pathways.

research NFAT5 mediates hypertonic stress-induced atherosclerosis via activating NLRP3 inflammasome in endothelium

50 citations , August 2019 in “Cell Communication and Signaling”

This study identifies NFAT5 as a crucial transcription factor necessary for triggering innate immune responses in the blood vessel lining that lead to atherosclerosis under hypertonic stress conditions.

research Lymphocytic mediated alopecia: histological classification by pattern analysis

29 citations , March 2001 in “Clinics in Dermatology”

This article discusses various types of primary cicatricial alopecias and reports no new clinical results; it emphasizes the importance of accurate diagnosis for effective management.

research Gene Array Profiling and Immunomodulation Studies Define a Cell-Mediated Immune Response Underlying the Pathogenesis of Alopecia Areata in a Mouse Model and Humans

114 citations , August 2002 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Alopecia areata is caused by an immune response, and targeting immune cells might help treat it.

research Advances in Cell-Mediated Drug Delivery for Dermatologic Diseases: Mechanisms and Current Applications

2 citations , November 2025 in “Pharmaceutics”

This review explores the potential of cell-mediated drug delivery systems in dermatology, highlighting their ability to target inflamed or diseased skin while discussing applications in diseases like atopic dermatitis and melanoma, along with challenges such as immunogenicity and manufacturing.

research DNMT1-mediated methylation inhibits microRNA-214-3p and promotes hair follicle stem cell differentiate into adipogenic lineages

8 citations , October 2020 in “Stem cell research & therapy”

This study found that DNMT1 promotes adipogenesis in hair follicle stem cells by regulating the miR-214-3p/MAPK1/p-ERK1/2 pathway, suggesting potential applications in stem cell therapy.