Cutaneous Manifestations in Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy-Candidiasis-Ectodermal Dystrophy: A Comprehensive Review

January 2024 in “ Biomedicines ”

Florica Șandru, Răzvan Petca, Mihai Cristian Dumitraşcu, Aida Petca, Ana-Maria Ionescu, Livia-Cristiana Băicoianu-Nițescu

alopecia areata chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis vitiligo AIRE gene IL-17 autoantibodies type I interferons Th17-associated cytokines AA CMC

TLDR The review shows that skin symptoms like chronic fungal infections, hair loss, and skin depigmentation are key for early detection and management of APECED.

The review on Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy-Candidiasis-Ectodermal Dystrophy (APECED) highlights the significant cutaneous manifestations, including chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC), alopecia areata (AA), and vitiligo, with varying prevalence rates across different populations. It emphasizes the importance of early detection and comprehensive monitoring of these symptoms for better patient care. The review also discusses the genetic underpinnings, particularly mutations in the AIRE gene, and the role of IL-17-mediated immunity in the pathogenesis of APECED. The presence of autoantibodies against type I interferons and Th17-associated cytokines is noted as a significant diagnostic marker. The review calls for further research to understand the genotype-phenotype relationship and improve patient care, highlighting the need for a multidisciplinary approach due to the complex interplay between endocrine and dermatological symptoms.

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